Fucoidans of Moroccan Brown Seaweed as Elicitors of Natural Defenses in Date Palm Roots

Abstract

Fucoidans from Moroccan brown seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata and Fucus spiralis were tested for their elicitor activity after their purification and complete characterization. The fucoidans of B. bifurcata (BBF) and of F. spiralis (FSF) were extracted and purified then characterized by infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. The results show that BBF and FSF are mainly sulfated with 45.49 and 49.53% (w/w) sulfate, respectively. Analysis of neutral sugars determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry showed that FSF and BBF were mainly composed of 64% and 91% fucose and 20% and 6% galactose, respectively, with a few other sugars such as glucose (8% in FSF), rhamnose (1% in BBF) and mannose (8% in FSF and, 2% in BBF). The eliciting activity of these sulfated polysaccharides in stimulating the natural defenses of the date palm was evaluated through the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and the increase in phenols and lignin content in the roots. The results obtained clearly show that the two fucoidans early and intensely stimulate the natural defenses of the date palm after 24 h of treatments. This remarkable elicitor effect seems to be linked to the sulfated groups compared to non-sulfate alginates extracted from the same algae. These results open promising perspectives for a biological control approach against date palm diseases.

Methyl jasmonate induces oxidative/nitrosative stress and the accumulation of antioxidant metabolites in Phoenix dactylifera L.

“…Our study demonstrates that MeJA was able to alter the activity of the phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes by enhancing PAL, TAL and PPO activities. Our results are in accordance with previous ndings of Bouissil et al (2020). This latter con rmed that, for date palm, elicitation can be evidenced through the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and the rise in phenolic level identi ed in cultivated roots.…”

Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted from the Green Algae Codium bernabei: Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Anticoagulant and Antitumor Activity

“…Analyzing the spectra between 400 and 4000 cm −1 from Figure 2 , similar bands to others from macroalgae polysaccharides could be observed. The band at 3438 cm −1 appeared as a broad stretching vibration that corresponds to the O–H group, and the small signal at 2941 cm −1 was attributed to C–H stretching and bending vibrations [ 34 , 35 ]. The absorption bands at 1750, 1660, and 1549 cm −1 were attributed to the stretching vibration of the C = O group [ 35 , 36 ].…”

“…The band at 3438 cm −1 appeared as a broad stretching vibration that corresponds to the O–H group, and the small signal at 2941 cm −1 was attributed to C–H stretching and bending vibrations [ 34 , 35 ]. The absorption bands at 1750, 1660, and 1549 cm −1 were attributed to the stretching vibration of the C = O group [ 35 , 36 ]. According to the literature, the presence of sulfate groups for different Codium species was reported around 1229–1253 cm −1 [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Adhesive and Antibacterial Films Based on Marine-Derived Fucoidan and Chitosan

“…bifurcata was similar to the one of commercial fucoidan (Figure S1 in the Supporting Information). The 1 H-NMR spectra were also similar and exhibited the characteristic signals of fucoidans: the signal at 1.23–1.32 ppm corresponding to the H6 methyl protons of L-fucopyranose; the signal of the methyl protons of the O -acetyl groups at 2.21 ppm; the signals at 3.43–4.08 ppm corresponding to the ring’s protons (H2-H5); the signal at 4.53 ppm associated with the protons of the 4-O-sulfated monosaccharides; and the signals at 5.15 ppm attributed to the C-H proton of substituted OC and H1 protons of α- l -fucopyranose residues − (Figures b and S2 in the Supporting Information).…”