Fu Brick Tea Manages HFD/STZ-Induced Type 2 Diabetes by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Activating the IRS1/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

Abstract

The antidiabetic effects of Fu brick tea aqueous extract (FTE) and its underlying molecular mechanism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice were investigated. FTE treatment significantly relieved dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), and hepatic oxidative stress caused by T2DM. FTE also ameliorated the T2DM-induced gut dysbiosis by decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio at the phylum level and promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium, Parabacteroides, and Roseburia at the genus level. Besides, FTE significantly improved colonic short-chain fatty acid levels of T2DM mice. Furthermore, the antidiabetic effects of FTE were proved to be mediated by the IRS1/PI3K/Akt and AMPK-mediated gluconeogenesis signaling pathways. Metabolomics analysis illustrated that FTE recovered the levels of 28 metabolites associated with T2DM to the levels of normal mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that FTE can alleviate T2DM by reshaping the gut microbiota, activating the IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway, and regulating intestinal metabolites.

α-Lactalbumin peptide Asp-Gln-Trp alleviates hepatic insulin resistance and modulates gut microbiota dysbiosis in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD mice

“…Qi et al demonstrated that Fu brick tea aqueous extract (FTE) improved gut microbiota and SCFAs levels, and activated the IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway to alleviate hepatic insulin resistance, liver injury and dyslipidemia in T2DM mice. 66 Moreover, Du et al demonstrated that high-performance inulin can reduce inflammation, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis by improving gut microbiota and activating the hepatic IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway, which is consistent with our results. 67 Hence, the above results indicated that DQW treatment could attenuate hepatic insulin resistant and NAFLD by activating the IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway and remodeling the gut microbiome.…”

Fu brick tea protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity phenotypes via promoting adipose browning and thermogenesis in association with gut microbiota

“…12,43 Previous studies revealed the significant impact of Fu brick tea or its copious biological components, e.g., poly-phenols and polysaccharides, on the gut microbiome in healthy mice, and on alleviating dysbiosis of gut microbiota in HFD-induced obese mice. 22,35,38,39,44 In addition to the confirmation regarding the effects of FTE on the increased relative abundances of bacteria that were reported to be associated with decreased risk of obesity and metabolic disorders, 16,34,35,[43][44][45][46] the novel finding of the present study proved the occurrence of FTE-induced gut microbial shifts with an increased capacity to reduce host adiposity via increasing BAT thermogenesis and iWAT browning, [12][13][14]24,47 which was accompanied by promoted production of intestinal SCFAs.…”

“…Benefits of consuming Fu brick tea on weight control and metabolic improvements have been shown in previous studies. 7,22,35,38,39 In our recent study, we defined that FTE contained high levels of polyphenols (177.8 ± 2.3 mg g −1 , predominately consisting of epigallocatechin gallate, caffeic acid, epigallocatechin, and Food & Function Paper gallic acid), flavonoids (109.2 ± 2.8 mg g −1 ) and total soluble polysaccharides (48.9 ± 1.1), 38 demonstrating that FTE is a rich source of pharmacologically active molecules providing diverse health benefits, i.e., antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antihyperglycemic, and antiobesity capacities.…”

“…Food & Function the epidemic of obesity 15,30,31,35,40 and metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. 38 A very recent systematic review has highlighted plant-based dietary components as one of the most used strategies for fat browning in rodents. 41 Considering the abundant polyphenols and polysaccharides in FTE, two copious dietary components have been identified as great promotors of fat browning.…”

“…48 Results from the predicted metabolic pathway analysis showed significant impacts on the gene expression of carbohydrate metabolism, immune metabolism, lipid metabolism, and pathways involved in metabolisms. Despite their mediating effects of dietary factors on weight control and fat accumulation, 7,9,[38][39][40]43,49,50 the oral administration of certain bacteria has shown a direct effect on adipose tissue thermogenesis. For instance, M Hossain et al reported the antiobesity effect of Bifidobacterium longum DS0956 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus DS0508 via inducing thermogenesis.…”