FTIR, XRD and SEM-EDS Studies of Archaeological Pottery Samples from Recently Excavated Site in Tamil Nadu, India

Velraj, G.; Tamilarasu, S.; Ramya, R.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2015.06.012

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The peak at 1158 cm −1 corresponds to silicates (Si‐O) from quartz, while the peak from 666 cm −1 corresponds to magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), the peak from 636 cm −1 is for feldspar (Fieldes, Furkert, & Wells, ; Shepherd, Kiefer, & Graham, ), and the peak from 810 cm −1 is attributed to muscovite, which is stable up to 950°C. Its presence in all the samples indicates that the objects were burned to 950°C (Barilaro et al, ; Benedetto et al, ; Palanivel & Velraj, ; Russell, ; Shoval, Yadin, & Panczer, ; Velraj et al, ; Velraj et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These procedures often require information concerning the object's chemical, mineralogical, and crystallographic properties, which in turn can be obtained via analyses of the internal structure: at the breaking points in the stratigraphic section or of the powder (Benedetto, Laviano, Sabbatini, & Zambonin, ; Hajjaji, Kacim, & Boulmane, ; Ionescu, Ghergari, Horga, & Radulescu, ; Maggetii, ). The newest methods of sampling and processing involve interdisciplinary techniques employing co‐assistance or conjunction systems, such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (SEM–EDX; Froh, ; Goodall, Hall, Viel, & Fredericks, ; Merkevicius et al, ; Velraj, Tamilarasu, & Ramya, ); micro‐Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (micro‐FTIR; Barilaro et al, ; Gaboyer et al, ; Manoharan, Venkatachalapathy, Dhanapandian, & Deenadayalan, ; Naseerutheen, Ravisankar, Rajalakshmi, Raja Annamalai, & Chandrasekaran, ; Palanivel & Velraj, ; Shoval, ); micro‐Raman (Goodall et al, ) and thermal analysis (Krapukaityte, Tautkus, Kareiva, & Zelickiene, ; Palanivel & Rajesh Kumar, ; Velraj, Janaki, Mohamed Musthafa, & Palnivel, ); Inductively Coupled Plasma ‐ ICP, Neutron Activation Analysis ‐ NAA, and portable X‐ray Fluorescence ‐ pXRF (Forster, Grave, Vickery, & Kealhofer, ; Hunt & Speakman, ; Mitchell, Grave, Maccheroni, & Gelman, ; Tsolakidou, Buxeda, Garrigós, & Kilikoglou, ; Tsolakidou & Kilikoglou, ); and others (Papachristodoulou, Oikonomou, Ioannides, & Gravani, ; Ravisankar et al, ; Sandu, Vasilache, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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OM, SEM–EDX, and micro‐FTIR analysis of the Bronze Age pottery from the Băile Figa salt production site (Transylvania, Romania)

Vasilache

Kavruk

Tencariu

2020

Microscopy Res & Technique

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This article presents the results of analyses carried out on a lot of 11 fragments of Bronze Age ceramics discovered in the site from B aile Figa (Beclean town, Transylvania, Romania), where salt exploitation occurred. The samples were analyzed by means of optical microscopy, on the basis of which the morphology and distribution of the inclusions in the ceramic paste was established. Likewise, the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, producing microphotographs for each sample, and on the basis of the X-ray spectra, the elemental composition in gravimetric percentages was established. Through the micro-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, on the basis of characteristic group vibrations, it was possible to ascertain the nature of the compounds from the ceramic samples. These analyses will contribute to the reconstruction of the prehistoric technologies for salt exploitation. K E Y W O R D S Bronze Age, ceramics, micro-FTIR, OM, SEM-EDX

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OM, SEM–EDX, and micro‐FTIR analysis of the Bronze Age pottery from the Băile Figa salt production site (Transylvania, Romania)

Vasilache

Kavruk

Tencariu

2020

Microscopy Res & Technique

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show abstract

“…The molecular structure of samples was obtained using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Nicolet iS5, ThermoFisher, USA) according to the method of Velraj et al (). The spectral conditions for the determination of samples were as follows: The wavelength was 400–4,000 cm −1 , the scanning frequency was 64, and the resolution was 4 cm −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crystalline characteristics of samples were obtained using an X-ray diffractometer (D8 ADVANCE, Bruker AXS GMBH, Germany) with CuKα X-ray source according to the method of Velraj, Tamilarasu, and Ramya (2015). The measured step of XRD was 0.02° and the scanning rate was 4°/min.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of octenyl succinic anhydride‐modified cassava starch by the ultrasonic‐assisted method and its influence mechanism

Zhang

Yu²,

Ding

et al. 2019

J Food Process Preserv

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As an effective physical method for starch modification, ultrasonic treatment can significantly improve the chemical activity and quality of starch, but its mechanism needs to be further investigated. In this paper, ultrasonic‐modified cassava starch and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)‐modified cassava starch with low degree of substitution were prepared under ultrasonic conditions. The effects of ultrasound on the structure and properties of native cassava starch and the quality of OSA‐modified cassava starch were studied. The results showed that the crystallinity decreased from 30.7% to 26.4%, the reaction efficiency increased from 62.28% to 66.20%, and other characteristics also changed after 1 min of ultrasonic treatment. While the structure and properties of cassava starch changed differently after ultrasonic treatments for 8 min and 32–60 min. Consequently, these changes showed that ultrasonic treatment had a significant mechanochemical effect on starch granules. The quality of OSA‐modified cassava starch was improved significantly and its influence mechanism was analyzed by the mechanochemistry theory. Practical applications During the esterification of starch, the dense arrangement of crystalline regions limits the reaction of esterifying agents with starch granules. This study showed that ultrasound exerted strong mechanical forces on starch granules, which promoted the production of free radicals and increased the free energy of starch molecules. Besides, the increase of mechanochemical active sites in starch granules was conducive to the homogeneous reaction of octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) and starch molecules. Therefore, the quality of OSA‐modified cassava starch prepared by ultrasonic‐assisted treatment was significantly improved. This study provides a reference for the application of ultrasonic technology in other fields and also lays a theoretical basis for the industrial development of high performance‐modified starch.

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“…According to Grapes (2010), calcite reacts at 600-700°C, which is unlikely taking into account that it still remains in some pottery sherds. Several studies (e.g., Holakooei et al, 2014;Velraj et al, 2015) reveal that the maximum temperature after which calcite occurs is 900°C. However, the presence of magnesium calcite is indicative of temperatures slightly lower than those indicated by calcite, taking into account that it reacts in the range 500-650°C (Grapes, 2010).…”

Section: Estimation Of the Firing Temperature Conditions For The Manumentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical characterization of pre-hispanic pottery at the Mesa de Los Santos region, Colombia

et al. 2019

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The application of mineralogy in archeology has been growing in interest in particular in relation to establishing the origin of the clays used in the elaboration of ancient ceramic artifacts. The mineralogy did not show a clear relationship with the colors expressed by the pottery system defined by the archaeologists; that is, independent of the color of the slip, each group has the same mineralogical components. Fourteen Pre-Hispanic pottery sherds from the Mesa de Los Santos region (Colombia) were selected for mineralogical characterization by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The objective of the work was to contribute to the knowledge of the production technology and elucidate a possible regional origin of these ceramics. The observed mineralogical phases were plagiocalse, quartz, potassium fledspar, clay minerals, micas, carbonate minerals, and iron oxides. Firing temperatures are in the ranges 600-800°C for almost all the analyzed samples.

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FTIR, XRD and SEM-EDS Studies of Archaeological Pottery Samples from Recently Excavated Site in Tamil Nadu, India

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

OM, SEM–EDX, and micro‐FTIR analysis of the Bronze Age pottery from the Băile Figa salt production site (Transylvania, Romania)

OM, SEM–EDX, and micro‐FTIR analysis of the Bronze Age pottery from the Băile Figa salt production site (Transylvania, Romania)

Preparation of octenyl succinic anhydride‐modified cassava starch by the ultrasonic‐assisted method and its influence mechanism

Mineralogical characterization of pre-hispanic pottery at the Mesa de Los Santos region, Colombia

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