Fruit Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles: A New Avenue in Pomology Applications

Abstract

Fruit extracts have natural bioactive molecules that are known to possess significant therapeutic potential. Traditionally, metallic nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical methods, in which the chemical act as the reducing agent. Later, these traditional metallic nanoparticles emerged as the biological risk, which prompted researchers to explore an eco-friendly approach. There are different eco-friendly methods employed for synthesizing these metallic nanoparticles via the usage of microbes and plants, primarily via fruit extract. These explorations have paved the way for using fruit extracts for developing nanoparticles, as they eliminate the usage of reducing and stabilizing agents. Metallic nanoparticles have gained significant attention, and are used for diverse biological applications. The present review discusses the potential activities of phytochemicals, and it intends to summarize the different metallic nanoparticles synthesized using fruit extracts and their associated pharmacological activities like anti-cancerous, antimicrobial, antioxidant and catalytic efficiency.

Ethnomedicinal Plants Traditionally Used for the Treatment of Jaundice (Icterus) in Himachal Pradesh in Western Himalaya—A Review

“…In the future, it is, therefore, very important to pursue steps that do not deviate from shifting the view of tribal people toward their indigenous belief in the treatment of jaundice to develop successful drugs or to discover new potential sources of drugs. In addition, nano-formulation of plant extracts also improves their therapeutic significance [143,144], and it is also possible to use nano-formulation of herbal plants as an alternative and refining conventional knowledge for the potential cure of jaundice.…”

“…Flower (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanolic/250 mg/kg bw) CCl 4 (1%)/albino Wistar rat NA [5] As few plants are evaluated with their experimental studies, so this study needs to be intensified more on those plant extracts, which are used extensively for jaundice treatment. Further, nano-formulation of plant extracts enhances their medicinal significance [143,144], so nano-formulation of herbal plants can also be used as an alternative for curing jaundice in the future. At the same time, farmers should be encouraged for the commercial production of important medicinal plants and should further have support from industry and government.…”

Pleurotus Macrofungi-Assisted Nanoparticle Synthesis and Its Potential Applications: A Review

“…However, all of these methods possess potential drawbacks; particularly, the chemicals utilized in AgNP synthesis through wet chemistry routes are less eco-friendly, expensive, and have high toxicity [ 46 , 77 , 78 ]. However, fabrication of AgNPs by green synthesis methods can be a better alternative as it is cost effective, non-toxic, and ecologically safe than the other synthesis methods [ 79 ]. Various studies on the biosynthesis of AgNPs using powdered basidiocarps and mycelia of different oyster mushroom species, such as P. ostreatus, P. sajor-caju, P. florida, P. cornucopiae var.…”

Nanomaterials for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections

“…Nanomaterials can exert their innate antimicrobial action, and synthesizing NPs while conjugating them to antimicrobials may lead to synergistic antibacterial actions, with cost-effectiveness and higher stability for a longer period [ 37 ]. Antimicrobial NPs for UTIs are mostly based on metals (gold - Au, silver - Ag, titanium NPs) and on metal-based oxides (zinc oxide-ZnO-NPs) [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. All metal and metal-based oxide NP damage the pathogenic microorganisms by various mechanisms of photothermolysis, generating reacting oxygen species (ROS), damaging the cell wall and cell components of pathogens, and interfering with normal enzymatic activities and DNA synthesis [ 45 ].…”