Fruit contact pressure distributions — equipment

Heröld, Bernd; Geyer, Martin; Studman, C.J.

doi:10.1016/s0168-1699(01)00160-0

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The highest surface pressure values were found in the central point of contact between the fruit and the loading device. These results varied clearly from tests obtained by Herold et al (2001), who showed that it takes place only for one critical value, above which follows the rapid loss in cell volume located in the central point of contact, and as consequence, maximum surface pressure values on the edge of contact area were observed. It was assumed that the critical value corresponded with the point where destruction in the biological material occurs.…”

Section: Analysis Of Contours and Pressure Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 56%

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Influence of Contact Surface Type on the Mechanical Damages of Apples Under Impact Loads

Komarnicki

Stopa

Szyjewicz

et al. 2017

Food Bioprocess Technol

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This paper presents an analysis of mechanical damage carried out on 'Golden Delicious' apple variety, which was subjected to impact loads during free drop against various rigid plates. For this purpose, an analysis of the contact pressure based on determined contours and surface pressure distributions at the contact point between the fruit dropped from various heights against fixed hard plates was performed. The impact test was conducted by means of Tekscan® system supported by computer verifying analysis. To obtain impact loads as well as their courses, the surface pressures and the bruise volumes were determined. Furthermore, use of ultrathin pressure sensors allowed for determination of the characteristic shape of contact area and the impact of fruit onto rigid plate. The results showed that the impact of fruit against rigid surface (concrete, wood) generates high values of maximum surface pressure and the bruise volume, observed at dropping from 10 mm. A decrease in hardness of the test material (polyethylene foam) with decreasing maximum surface pressure approximately twice was noticed. The polyethylene foam is one of the best materials which protect fruit from mechanical damage, confirmed by the relation of bruise surface to contact surface, which did not exceed 35% during the impact at 150 mm. The results of proposed studies can contribute to developing of harvest, handling, and transport processes, aiming at reduction in losses among fruit growers and production costs, i.e., by improvement of transport method.

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Section: Analysis Of Contours and Pressure Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…To determine contact surface in biological materials, a crucial analysis should include a behavior of tested fruit under external force. Herold et al (2001) used a system consisting of a sensor in the form of a thin base die as well as the Tekscan® device, for measuring the contact surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Contact Surface Type on the Mechanical Damages of Apples Under Impact Loads

Komarnicki

Stopa

Szyjewicz

et al. 2017

Food Bioprocess Technol

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“…No significant diminution in the applied total force at these failure events was observed, unlike Herold et al (2001).…”

Section: Dp = Ip / (Ft A)mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…During compression tests, even at low applied forces, like Herold et al (2001), it was visually observed that local failures occurred with as consequence a change in the pressure distribution. More precisely, all the tested fruits presented firstly a pressure increase at the centre of the contact area and when the applied total force exceeded the maximum sustainable (bioyield point 'BYP' defined by Mohesin, 1970), central pressure fell sharply and contact pressure began to increase at the edge of the contact area (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their main advantage compared to more conventional force or pressure sensors is to provide simultaneously the size of the contact area and a spatial distribution of the pressures to the interface of the bodies in presence. Using such a sensor, Herold et al (2001) show examples of the surface pressure distribution generated in the contact area of apple fruit loaded to failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of Pressure Distribution During Apple Compression Tests Measured With Tactile Sensors

Kleynen¹,

Cierva²,

Destain

2003

Acta Hortic.

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The paper analyses the ability of thin-film tactile sensors in providing information during static compression tests of 'Jonagold' apples (Malus pumila) of different ripeness stages. Such sensors are able to measure the contact surface and the interfacial pressure distribution during compression of fruits, this latter being characterised by suitable mathematical parameters. Results of compression tests between two flat steel plates are presented. The differentiated evolution of the pressure distribution according to the fruit maturity is pointed out. Ability of the sensor in evaluating the firmness is also discussed.

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Characterization of mechanical stress distributions in a cross section of cucumber fruits: bisector reference line represents tissue anatomy

2004

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This study sought to statistically analyze the difference of planar stress distribution in a cross section of cucumber cultivars. The method dealt with statistically comparable data, incorporating both the stress magnitude and their positional information, and was developed to reduce complexity without losing anatomical information. Utilizing the trigonal symmetry of cross-sectioned cucumbers, a reference line bisecting the cross section was introduced on the rupture frame for referencing the relative locations of stress-sensing points to the underlying anatomical tissue distribution. The stress-location curves on the reference line statistically differed among the cultivars, especially at the center of the cross section. The corresponding tissue for the center of the curve was the seed cavity, so the cultivar differences arise from mainly the mechanical differences in this tissue. The stress-strain analysis of definite tissues revealed flesh stiffness to exceed the seed cavity stiffness, but both differed from the average stiffness of the whole cross section in all cultivars. INTRODUCTIONThe texture of the cucumber is influenced by the nature of its constituent tissues, 1 especially its three principal tissues, skin, flesh or parenchyma, and seed cavity. 2 To objectively analyze cucumber texture, compression tests of cucumber cross sections were performed. 2,3 The cross-sectional compression represents the composite effects of the three tissues, 2 but does not differentiate among individual contributions of the various tissue types. 1 Several attempts have been made to distinguish the mechanical properties of specific tissues within the cucumber. Puncture or penetration tests were used for this purpose in studies of skin toughness, 4 firmness of flesh, 1,5 segregation of the two tissues, 6 firmness of seed cavity, 1,5 and carpel strength. 7 However, these studies examined specific tissues separately, and thus a more holistic approach has been needed.Our preceding report 8 demonstrated the planar stress distribution of a cucumber's whole crosssectional area for the first time. Using a multiplepoint sheet sensor (MSS) system, we successfully visualized mechanical and geometrical characteristics of tissues comprising the cucumber. The planar stress

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Fruit contact pressure distributions — equipment

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

Influence of Contact Surface Type on the Mechanical Damages of Apples Under Impact Loads

Influence of Contact Surface Type on the Mechanical Damages of Apples Under Impact Loads

Evolution of Pressure Distribution During Apple Compression Tests Measured With Tactile Sensors

Characterization of mechanical stress distributions in a cross section of cucumber fruits: bisector reference line represents tissue anatomy

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