Fruit and vegetable intake and mortality from cardiovascular disease in Japan: a 24-year follow-up of the NIPPON DATA80 Study

Okuda, Nagako; Miura, Katsuyuki; Okayama, Akira; Okamura, Tomonori; Abbott, Robert D.; Nishi, Nobuo; Fujiyoshi, Akira; Kita, Yoshikuni; Nakamura, Yasuyuki; Miyagawa, Naoko; Hayakawa, Takehito; Ohkubo, Takayoshi; Kiyohara, Yutaka; Ueshima, Hirotsugu

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.276

Cited by 59 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Vegetable protein intake (continuous value) showed inverse relationships with mortality for almost all CVD subtypes irrespective of the presence of hypertension. We also observed significant relationual in this analysis 28,[30][31][32] . A limited number of nutrients were calculated in the NNSJ 90, and vegetable protein intake was not included 28) .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Vegetable Protein Intake was Inversely Associated with Cardiovascular Mortality in a 15-Year Follow-Up Study of the General Japanese Population

Kurihara

Okamura

Sugiyama

et al. 2019

J Atheroscler Thromb

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Aim: To examine the relationship between the intake of dietary vegetable protein and CVD mortality in a 15-year follow-up study of a representative sample of the Japanese population.Methods: A total of 7,744 participants aged 30 years or older (3,224 males and 4,520 females) who were free of CVD at baseline were included in this analysis. Vegetable protein intake (% energy) was assessed using a threeday semi-weighed dietary record at baseline. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox's proportional hazards model after adjusting for confounding factors. Results:The total person-years studied were 107,988 with a mean follow-up period of 13.9 years. There were 1,213 deaths during the follow-up period, among which 354 (29.2%) were due to CVD. Vegetable protein intake was associated inversely with CVD and cerebral hemorrhage mortality, with the HRs for a 1% energy increment in vegetable protein intake being 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75 -0.99) and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.35 -0.95), respectively. In the subgroup analysis of participants with or without hypertension, the inverse association between vegetable protein intake and CVD mortality was more evident in the nonhypertensive group, with the HRs for CVD and stroke being 0.68 (95% CI, 0.50 -0.94) and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.30 -0.84), respectively.Conclusions: Vegetable protein intake may prevent future CVD, particularly in nonhypertensive subjects in the Japanese population. However, further studies are necessary to examine the biological mechanisms of this effect.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Vegetable Protein Intake was Inversely Associated with Cardiovascular Mortality in a 15-Year Follow-Up Study of the General Japanese Population

Kurihara

Okamura

Sugiyama

et al. 2019

J Atheroscler Thromb

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“…As a result, the point estimate remarkably increased after adjustment for vegetable intake, especially in men. Several studies have shown that a lower mortality risk is associated with a higher vegetable intake, including previous our study, which had a same dataset as that of the present study 18,[39][40][41][42] . An increase in total energy intake also increases vegetable intake because of the increase in absolute intake.…”

Section: Baseline Characteristics By Quintiles Of Total Energy Intakementioning

confidence: 68%

“…Detailed methods of NNSJ and estimation of individual intake of nutrients and food groups are described elsewhere 18,21,22,27,28) . A food intake survey was conducted using the weighing record method for 3 consecutive days in each household by trained interviewers.…”

Section: Nutritional Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Total Energy Intake with 29-Year Mortality in the Japanese: NIPPON DATA80

Nagai

Miura

Fujiyoshi

et al. 2016

J Atheroscler Thromb

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Aim:In animals, dietary energy restriction is reported to increase longevity, whereas in humans, all cohort studies from Western countries have not shown an association between the low energy intake and longevity. We examined the association between total energy intake and longevity in Japan where dietary pattern is different from that in the West. Methods: A total of 7,704 Japanese aged 30 -69 years were followed from 1980 to 2009. Participants were divided into the quintiles of total energy (kcal/day) based on data collected from the National Nutrition Survey. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived through the use of Cox proportional hazards models to compare the risk of death across and between the quintiles. Results: There was a significant association between increased energy intake and all-cause mortality risk in only men (P for linear trend 0.008). In cause-specific analysis, compared with the lowest quintile, there was rise in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality among men (HR; 2.63, 95%CI; 0.95 -7.28, P for linear trend 0.016) and women (HR; 2.91, 95%CI; 1.02 -8.29, P for linear trend 0.032) and cancer mortality among men (HR; 1.50, 95%CI; 0.999 -2.24, P for linear trend 0.038) in the top quintile. Conclusion: We observed significant associations of high energy intake with all-cause and cancer mortality among men and with CHD mortality among men and women. Further studies are needed to confirm the benefits of caloric restriction.

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“…A previous study showed that an animal-based LCD was associated with all-cause mortality, whereas a LCD based on vegetable sources has a protective effect for all-cause mortality [8]. In this study, intake of carbohydrate to fiber ratio has a positive correlation with PRAL or NEAP, which has been known to be a risk factor for hypertension [24], type 2 diabetes [25, 26], and MetS [27]; and has a negative correlation with fruit and vegetable intake [28, 29], which has a protective effect on human health. On the other hand, the association between carbohydrate intake and this nutrition was not consistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Intake of Carbohydrate to Fiber Ratio Is a Useful Marker for Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2018

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Background/Aims: The effect of low carbohydrate diet on human health is still controversial. Whole grain, which is carbohydrate rich in fiber, has protective effects on human health. Thus, we assumed that intake of carbohydrate to fiber ratio has an important role in human health. Methods: This is a post-hoc analysis of a cross-sectional study of 164 patients with type 2 diabetes. Habitual food and nutrient intake were assessed and estimated by a self-administered diet history questionnaire. Intake of carbohydrate to fiber ratio was defined as carbohydrate (g)/fiber intake (g). Logistic regression analyses were performed to reveal the association between intake of carbohydrate to fiber ratio and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Results: Intake of carbohydrate to fiber ratio has closely associated with metabolic parameters, including triglycerides (r = 0.21, p = 0.007) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = –0.23, p = 0.003). Intake of carbohydrate to fiber ratio was associated with MetS (OR 1.06 [95% CI 1.00–1.13], p = 0.047) after adjusting for covariates, whereas carbohydrate intake (1.00 [0.99–1.01], p = 0.752) or carbohydrate energy/total energy (1.00 [0.94–1.07], p = 0.962) was not associated with MetS. Conclusions: Intake of carbohydrate to fiber ratio was associated with MetS, whereas carbohydrate intake was not.

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Fruit and vegetable intake and mortality from cardiovascular disease in Japan: a 24-year follow-up of the NIPPON DATA80 Study

Abstract: The results showed that higher total intake of FVs was significantly associated with reduced risk of CVD mortality in Japan.

Cited by 59 publications

References 40 publications

Vegetable Protein Intake was Inversely Associated with Cardiovascular Mortality in a 15-Year Follow-Up Study of the General Japanese Population

Vegetable Protein Intake was Inversely Associated with Cardiovascular Mortality in a 15-Year Follow-Up Study of the General Japanese Population

Association of Total Energy Intake with 29-Year Mortality in the Japanese: NIPPON DATA80

Intake of Carbohydrate to Fiber Ratio Is a Useful Marker for Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

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