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The therapeutic results of operatively and conservatively treated patients with lumbar disc syndromes were reviewed in a retrospective study. The patients were treated during a 10-years period (1976-1985). A total of 330 patients with lumbar disc prolapses were treated in the hospital during this period 44% were treated surgically. The data on 100 operated and 100 conservatively treated cases, registered in this random test sample, have been compared with respect to: pain; neurological deficits; subjective problems and sociomedical questions. The average patient age of both groups was about 41 years, and the patients predominant were male (about 70%). The therapeutic results of both operatively and conservatively treated patients were good, which is also by the high percentage of employment (80%-90%) in the two treatment groups. The critical evaluation showed more neurological disturbances and limited vocational activity in the group of cases operated upon. More than 70% of the operated cases showed radicular syndromes of the follow-up examination although it was not of essential functional importance. The period inability to work and the percentage of disablement were also much higher in this group. The pain symptoms were particularly relevant in our examination. Only 12%-16% of the patients in the two groups that took part in the follow-up examinations reported freedom from pain. It was apparent that atypical pain syndromes were correlated with personality psychological disturbances. Nearly one-third of our patients mentioned psychological problems. The prognosis of the conservative treatment of lumbar disc prolapse was equivalent to operative therapy (disregarding the absolute indications for operations). There were no definite advantages found for either of the two methods of treatment. The necessity for a specialized follow-up treatment of patients with sciatica due to herniated lumbar discs is discussed, and differentiated selection for operative therapy is given. Here the treatment of pain should be considered most important.
The therapeutic results of operatively and conservatively treated patients with lumbar disc syndromes were reviewed in a retrospective study. The patients were treated during a 10-years period (1976-1985). A total of 330 patients with lumbar disc prolapses were treated in the hospital during this period 44% were treated surgically. The data on 100 operated and 100 conservatively treated cases, registered in this random test sample, have been compared with respect to: pain; neurological deficits; subjective problems and sociomedical questions. The average patient age of both groups was about 41 years, and the patients predominant were male (about 70%). The therapeutic results of both operatively and conservatively treated patients were good, which is also by the high percentage of employment (80%-90%) in the two treatment groups. The critical evaluation showed more neurological disturbances and limited vocational activity in the group of cases operated upon. More than 70% of the operated cases showed radicular syndromes of the follow-up examination although it was not of essential functional importance. The period inability to work and the percentage of disablement were also much higher in this group. The pain symptoms were particularly relevant in our examination. Only 12%-16% of the patients in the two groups that took part in the follow-up examinations reported freedom from pain. It was apparent that atypical pain syndromes were correlated with personality psychological disturbances. Nearly one-third of our patients mentioned psychological problems. The prognosis of the conservative treatment of lumbar disc prolapse was equivalent to operative therapy (disregarding the absolute indications for operations). There were no definite advantages found for either of the two methods of treatment. The necessity for a specialized follow-up treatment of patients with sciatica due to herniated lumbar discs is discussed, and differentiated selection for operative therapy is given. Here the treatment of pain should be considered most important.
RIASSUNTO -I pazienti con quadro clinico riferibile ad ernia discale per i quali non sussista l'indicazione assoluta all'intervento chirurgico dovrebbero essere sottoposti ad un tentativo di terapia fisica conservativa.I1 trattamento fisioterapico, basato su pochi e semplici principi, va eseguito rigorosamente e sotto controllo medico.I vari presidi terapeutici devono essere utilizzati secondo lo specifico razionale terapeutico. Le difficolta del trattamento fisioterapico sono dovute da un lato alia complessita dei fenomeni a carico delle varie strutture spinali, che accompagnano il formarsi dell'ernia, dall'altro alia non sempre dimostrata validita scientifica di alcuni dei vari mezzi terapeutici utilizzati. SUMMARY -Herniated disc usually develops gradually with alterations of the surrounding spinal structure which complicate the pathogenesis of the clinical picture.For all patients who do not offer absolute indications for surgery, conservative therapy should be tried. Physical therapy treatment is based on a few and simple principles, but it must be carried out in a rigorous way with continuous medical monitoring.The physical therapies should be applied according to a specific therapeutic rationale. The difficulties in their choice originate both from the complex pathogenesis and from the difficulty to assess the scientific validity of some of them. It must be stressed, however, that the lack of proofs of scientific validity does not prevent the use of those physical therapies for which clinical effectiveness has been clearly proved. IntroduzioneUna protrusione o un'estrusione discale possono realizzarsi improvvisamente come conseguenza di un evento traumatico che comporti un sovraccarico meccanico del rachide in condizioni particolari sfavorevoli (atteggiamento in flessione, sollevamento di un peso) 1 • Il piu delle volte tuttavia la protrusione o l'estrusione conseguono ad una catena di eventi nella quale alterazioni degenerative tissutali interagiscono con stress di origine meccanica 9 • La struttura chiave del processo patologico e il disco intervertebrale il quale va incontro a modificazioni fisiologiche 27 e patologiche che riguardano le fibre dell'anulus e il nucleo polposo 1 e che costituiscono la premessa per il realizzarsi di un'ernia (figura 1).Nelloro instaurarsi e nelloro evolvere le alterazioni discali determinano alcuni importanti effetti sulle strutture circostanti.Di fondamentale importanza e la possibile comparsa di un'eccessiva mobilita dei due corpi vertebrali per il venir meno della funzione di ancoraggio reciproco da parte delle fibre dell'anulus 1 • 31 • Da notare che la maggior anormalita non riguarda tanto l'ampiezza del movimento, quanto piuttosto l'irregolarita del movimento 18 (figura 2). 11 traumatismo continuo e ripetuto causato da questi movimenti irregolari 27 da origine a modificazioni degenerative a carico dei vari costituenti delle articolazioni posteriori. 69
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