Fructose transport mechanisms in humans

Shi, Xiaocai; Schedl, Harold P.; Summers, R. W.; Lambert, G. P.; Chang, R.; Xia, Ting; Gisolfi, C. V.

doi:10.1053/gast.1997.v113.pm9322512

Cited by 52 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…These results are similar to our recent study (Heacock et al, 2002) in which we found that 10 g of supplemental fructose, when given with an MGTT (50 g carbohydrate from instant mashed potatoes), had no effect on the postprandial glycemic response. The lack of efficacy when fed with a meal in the present study, as compared with a free glucose beverage (Moore et al, 2000(Moore et al, , 2001, may be related to the effects of free glucose on the absorption of fructose (Hoekstra & van den Aker, 1996;Shi et al, 1997). Rats have a higher capacity for absorbing free fructose compared with the human.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Effects of a beverage containing an enzymatically induced-viscosity dietary fiber, with or without fructose, on the postprandial glycemic response to a high glycemic index food in humans

et al. 2003

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Objective: Dietary supplementation with guar gum or fructose has been reported to reduce the postprandial glycemic response to an oral glucose challenge. As a result of the poor palatability of most foods containing guar gum, a novel low-viscosity beverage with guar gum was developed that becomes viscous in vivo through an enzymatic induction. The primary study objective was to determine the effect of an amylase-induced viscosity (I-V) product, with or without supplemental fructose, on the postprandial glycemic response to a high glycemic index test meal in healthy nondiabetic subjects. Design: The study was a four-treatment, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized block protocol. Setting: The study was performed at Glycaemic Index Testing, Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Subjects: A total of 30 healthy nondiabetic volunteers (13 male, 17 female, mean7s.e.m. age of 5173 y and body mass index of 24.270.4 kg/m 2 ) participated in the study. Intervention: In the morning after an overnight fast, subjects participated in four 3-h meal glucose tolerance tests on separate occasions. The test meals contained 50 g of available carbohydrate from maltodextrin and white bread (control) or the same meal with either 5 g of guar gum (3.6 g galactomannan), 5 g of fructose, or 5 g of guar gum þ 5 g of fructose.Results: Treatments containing guar gum had a reduced (Po0.01) baseline-adjusted peak glucose response and incremental area under the glucose curve. In contrast to previous studies, fructose increased (Po0.05) the baseline-adjusted peak glucose concentration. Conclusions: Guar gum incorporated into an amylase I-V product provided a means to stabilize blood glucose levels by reducing the early phase excursion and then by appropriately maintaining the later phase excursion in healthy nondiabetic humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Effects of a beverage containing an enzymatically induced-viscosity dietary fiber, with or without fructose, on the postprandial glycemic response to a high glycemic index food in humans

et al. 2003

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“…At the level of the duodenujejunum, carbohydrate absorption was found to be greater with beverages containing two or three transportable substrates (glucose and fructose or sucrose) than with isoenergetic beverages containing a single transportable carbohydrate (glucose or maltodextrins), suggesting that adding a second transportable substrate to a glucose solution stimulates additional transport mechanisms (36,37). Enhanced monosaccharide transport will increase water absorption by osmosis, which may increase permeability via the opening of tight junctions, leading to additional free hexose transport through the paracellular pathway (36,37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhanced monosaccharide transport will increase water absorption by osmosis, which may increase permeability via the opening of tight junctions, leading to additional free hexose transport through the paracellular pathway (36,37). It is difficult to explain the reduced oxidation of exogenous glucose in the High-Fructose condition on the basis of a brush-border membrane transport mechanism, except for the possibility that increasing fructose ingestion from 0.5 to 0.7 g/min increased the competition for a shared transport mechanism with glucose (e.g., GLUT2 and paracellular pathway).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of graded fructose coingestion with maltodextrin on exogenous ¹⁴C-fructose and ¹³C-glucose oxidation efficiency and high-intensity cycling performance

Rowlands¹,

Thorburn²,

Thorp³

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Rowlands DS, Thorburn MS, Thorp RM, Broadbent S, Shi X. Effect of graded fructose coingestion with maltodextrin on exogenous 14 C-fructose and 13 C-glucose oxidation efficiency and high-intensity cycling performance. J Appl Physiol 104: 1709-1719, 2008. First published March 27, 2008 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00878.2007.-The ingestion of solutions containing carbohydrates with different intestinal transport mechanisms (e.g., fructose and glucose) produce greater carbohydrate and water absorption compared with singlecarbohydrate solutions. However, the fructose-ingestion rate that results in the most efficient use of exogenous carbohydrate when glucose is ingested below absorption-oxidation saturation rates is unknown. Ten cyclists rode 2 h at 50% of peak power then performed 10 maximal sprints while ingesting solutions containing 13 C-maltodextrin at 0.6 g/min combined with 14 C-fructose at 0.0 (No-Fructose), 0.3 (Low-Fructose), 0.5 (Medium-Fructose), or 0.7 (High-Fructose) g/min, giving fructose:maltodextrin ratios of 0.5, 0. 8, and 1.2. Mean (percent coefficient of variation) exogenous-fructose oxidation rates during the 2-h rides were 0.18 (19), 0.27 (27), 0.36 (27) g/min in Low-Fructose, Medium-Fructose, and High-Fructose, respectively, with oxidation efficiencies (ϭoxidation/ingestion rate) of 62-52%. Exogenous-glucose oxidation was highest in Medium-Fructose at 0.57 (28) g/min (98% efficiency) compared with 0.54 (28), 0.48 (29), and 0.49 (19) in Low-Fructose, High-Fructose, No-Fructose, respectively; relative to No-Fructose, only the substantial 16% increase (95% confidence limits Ϯ16%) in Medium-Fructose was clear. Total exogenous-carbohydrate oxidation was highest in Medium-Fructose at 0.84 (26) g/min. Although the effect of fructose quantity on overall sprint power was unclear, the metabolic responses were associated with lower perceptions of muscle tiredness and physical exertion, and attenuated fatigue (power slope) in the Medium-Fructose and HighFructose conditions. With the present solutions, low-medium fructose-ingestion rates produced the most efficient use of exogenous carbohydrate, but fatigue and the perception of exercise stress and nausea are reduced with moderate-high fructose doses. dose response; dual-tracer method; substrate metabolism; gastrointestinal distress; fatigue IT IS NOW WIDELY ACCEPTED that ingestion of carbohydrate solutions can delay fatigue and improve endurance performance during high-intensity exercise of ϳ60 min or longer (reviewed in Ref. 25). The proposed mechanisms for performance enhancement are related to the prevention of hypoglycemia and the maintenance of high carbohydrate-oxidation rates during the later stages of exercise, when endogenous muscle and liver carbohydrate stores may become depleted (8). For these reasons and for reasons relating to hydration, there is interest from industry, scientists, and athletes in finding the formulation that will best optimize performance.During exercise, ingested glucose is rapidly absorbed into the circulation and oxidized b...

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“…Moreover, fructose may be more efficiently absorbed when glucose is present in equimolar concentrations. When the concentration of fructose exceeds the glucose concentration malabsorption of fructose may occur (17,19,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) . It is well known that the absorptive capacity of the small intestine for fructose is limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mechanism has a limited absorption capacity for fructose. Another pathway of fructose absorption occurs when it is ingested with glucose, by the mechanism called solvent drag, through the tight junctions of the enterocytes (24) . When the concentration of fructose in a certain food is present in excess of glucose concentration, condition very frequently observed in various juice fruits, mainly in apple, pear and grape juices, some individuals may develop fructose malabsorption (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)20) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose Malabsorption in Children With Functional Digestive Disorders

Lozinsky

Boé

Palmero

et al. 2013

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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-Context -Fructose is a monosaccharide frequently present in natural and artificial juice fruits. When the concentration of fructose in certain food is present in excess of glucose concentration some individuals may develop fructose malabsorption. Objectives -To report the frequency of fructose malabsorption utilizing the hydrogen breath test in children with gastrointestinal and/ or nutritional disorders. Methods -Between July 2011 and July 2012, 43 patients with gastrointestinal and/or nutritional disorders, from both sexes, were consecutively studied, utilizing the hydrogen breath test with loads of the following carbohydrates: lactose, glucose, fructose and lactulose. Fructose was offered in a 10% aqueous solution in the dose of 1 g/kg body weight. Samples were collected fasting and at every 15 minutes after the intake of the aqueous solution for a 2 hour period. Malabsorption was considered when there was an increase of >20 ppm of hydrogen over the fasting level, and intolerance was diagnosed if gastrointestinal symptoms would appear. Results -The age of the patients varied from 3 months to 16 years, 24 were boys. The following diagnosis were established: irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea in 16, functional abdominal pain in 8, short stature in 10, lactose intolerance in 3, celiac disease in 1, food allergy in 1 and giardiasis in 1 patient. Fructose malabsorption was characterized in 13 (30.2%) patients, and intolerance in 1 (2.3%) patient. The most frequent fructose malabsorption was characterized in 7 (16.3%) patients with irritable bowel syndrome and in 4 (9.3%) patients with functional abdominal pain. Conclusions -Patients with irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain were the main cause of fructose malabsorption.

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Fructose transport mechanisms in humans

Cited by 52 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of a beverage containing an enzymatically induced-viscosity dietary fiber, with or without fructose, on the postprandial glycemic response to a high glycemic index food in humans

Effects of a beverage containing an enzymatically induced-viscosity dietary fiber, with or without fructose, on the postprandial glycemic response to a high glycemic index food in humans

Effect of graded fructose coingestion with maltodextrin on exogenous ¹⁴C-fructose and ¹³C-glucose oxidation efficiency and high-intensity cycling performance

Fructose Malabsorption in Children With Functional Digestive Disorders

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Fructose transport mechanisms in humans

Cited by 52 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of a beverage containing an enzymatically induced-viscosity dietary fiber, with or without fructose, on the postprandial glycemic response to a high glycemic index food in humans

Effects of a beverage containing an enzymatically induced-viscosity dietary fiber, with or without fructose, on the postprandial glycemic response to a high glycemic index food in humans

Effect of graded fructose coingestion with maltodextrin on exogenous 14C-fructose and 13C-glucose oxidation efficiency and high-intensity cycling performance

Fructose Malabsorption in Children With Functional Digestive Disorders

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Resources

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Effect of graded fructose coingestion with maltodextrin on exogenous ¹⁴C-fructose and ¹³C-glucose oxidation efficiency and high-intensity cycling performance