Frontocortical
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            -acetylaspartate reduction associated with long-term IV heroin use

Haselhorst, Reta; Dürsteler‐MacFarland, Kenneth M.; Scheffler, Klaus; Ladewig, D; Müller‐Spahn, F.; Stohler, Rudolf; Seelig, J. M.; Seifritz, Erich

doi:10.1212/wnl.58.2.305

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…21,45 The only study to date that used proton MRS in an opiate-dependent subjects found NAA decreases of similar magnitude in frontal grey matter. 46 It is interesting that unlike previous work in healthy individuals, the NAA metabolite reductions we identified were unrelated to behaviour measures of task performance and dACC physiological activity. [47][48][49] This would seem to suggest that, in opiate-addicted subjects, BOLD activity is not dependent on NAA levels, perhaps because the NAA reductions are dissociated from neuronal loss.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

A combined spectroscopic and functional MRI investigation of the dorsal anterior cingulate region in opiate addiction

et al. 2007

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Converging neuropsychological and functional neuroimaging evidence indicates that the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is dysfunctional in drug-addicted populations. Few studies, however, have investigated the biochemical and physiological properties of the dACC in such populations. We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) together with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to probe dACC biochemistry and physiological activity during performance of a behavioural control task in 24 opiate-dependent individuals (maintained on a stable dose of methadone or buprenorphine at the time of study) and 24 age, gender, intelligence and performance-matched healthy subjects. While both groups activated the dACC to comparable levels, the opiate-using group displayed relatively increased task-related activation of frontal, parietal and cerebellar regions, as well as reduced concentrations of dACC N-acetylaspartate and glutamate/glutamine. In addition, the opiateusing group failed to show the expected correlations between dACC activation and behavioural measures of cognitive control. These findings suggest that the dACC is biochemically and physiologically abnormal in long-term opiate-dependent individuals. Furthermore, opiate addicts required increased, perhaps compensatory, involvement of the fronto-parietal and cerebellar behavioural regulation network to achieve normal levels of task performance/behavioural control. These neurobiological findings may partly underpin key addiction-related phenomena, such as poor inhibitory control of drug-related behaviour in the face of adverse consequences, and may be of relevance to the design of future treatment studies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

A combined spectroscopic and functional MRI investigation of the dorsal anterior cingulate region in opiate addiction

et al. 2007

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“…At the gross structure level, opiate-dependent addicts exhibited decreased gray matter density in both the prefrontal and the temporal cortex [41] . At the cellular level, neuron damage in the bilateral frontal cortex have been reported [42,43] . fMRI studies have found that heroin addicts had a hypoactivation of PFC which involves response inhibition [14,15] , whereby addicts exhibited decreased N2d amplitudes on fronto-central scalp sites compared with the controls.…”

Section: Potential Reasons For the Abnormal Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Response inhibition recruits a neural network including the frontal regions and the non-frontal regions, such as the orbital frontal cortex (OFC), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC),and the parietal, temporal, and striatal lobes [11] . Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies showed that prefrontal and temporal gray matter density decreases in chronic heroin addicts [12,13] . Furthermore, function magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) results indicated that the decreased activity of the frontal and parietal regions was observed not only in current heroin addicts [14] but also among abstinent [15] in the response inhibition task.…”

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confidence: 99%

Event-related potentials in a Go/Nogo task of abnormal response inhibition in heroin addicts

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2009

SCI CHINA SER C

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Inhibitory control dysfunction is regarded as a core feature in addicts. The major objective of this study was to explore the time course of response inhibition in chronic heroin addicts and provide the neurophysiological evidence of their inhibitory control dysfunction. The amplitudes and latencies of ERP components were studied in fourteen heroin addicts (mean duration of heroin use being (13.54+/-5.71) years (Mean+/-SD), average abstinence being ((4.67+/-6.44) months)) and fourteen matched healthy controls with a visual Go/Nogo task. Our results showed that heroin addicts demonstrated significantly larger Go-N2 amplitudes which results in a decreased N2 Go/Nogo effect, but no statistically significant differences were found between heroin addicts and controls in P3. The ERP data suggest that fronto-central areas of heroin addicts were impaired during the inhibition process (200-300 ms) and over-activated to targets. The impaired early process might reflect an abnormal conflict monitoring process in heroin addicts. These results consolidate the inhibitory control dysfunction hypothesis in chronic heroin users.

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“…Methamphetamine (47) and heroin (48) are both associated with reductions of NAA levels, and reductions observed with ecstasy (49) are correlated with scores on working memory testing (50).…”

Section: N-acetyl Aspartate (Naa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

MR spectroscopy: its potential role for drug development for the treatment of psychiatric diseases

Mason

Krystal

2006

NMR Biomed.

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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is likely in the near future to play a key role in the process of drug discovery and evaluation. As the pharmaceutical industry seeks biochemical markers of drug delivery, efficacy and toxicity, this non-invasive technique offers numerous ways to study adults and children repeatedly and without ionizing radiation. In this article, we survey an array of the information that MRS offers about neurochemistry in general and psychiatric disorders and their treatment in particular. We also present growing evidence of glial abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders and discuss what MRS is contributing to that line of investigation. The third major direction of this article is the discussion of where MRS techniques are headed and how those new techniques can contribute to studies of mechanisms of psychiatric disease and drug discovery.

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Frontocortical N -acetylaspartate reduction associated with long-term IV heroin use

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

A combined spectroscopic and functional MRI investigation of the dorsal anterior cingulate region in opiate addiction

A combined spectroscopic and functional MRI investigation of the dorsal anterior cingulate region in opiate addiction

Event-related potentials in a Go/Nogo task of abnormal response inhibition in heroin addicts

MR spectroscopy: its potential role for drug development for the treatment of psychiatric diseases

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