Frontiers of mid-infrared lasers based on transition metal doped II–VI semiconductors

Mirov, Sergey; Fedorov, Vladimir V.; Moskalev, Igor; Mirov, Mike; Martyshkin, Dmitry

doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2011.09.040

Cited by 64 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Fe 2+ absorption with a FWHM of 0.2eV, comparable to that reported in single crystals by Mirov, et al [5], was observed in the near infrared. This suggests that these films may find use as saturable absorbers or possibly as waveguide laser materials and that they warrant further study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Up to 4% Fe, little change was seen in the values of k in the visible region. However, pronounced absorption was observed in the near infrared, where there is an absorption band at 0.46 eV (3700 cm −1 ,2.7 µm) attributed to Fe 2+ [5]. Figure 6(a) shows the near infrared absorption coefficient due to the 5 E to 5 T 2 transition, for a film with 2.1% Fe and a thickness of 3.5 µm.…”

Section: Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, they have been the subject of renewed interest, for production of low-cost, nontoxic solar cells [2], as possible dilute magnetic semiconductors [3,4], and as materials for mid-infrared laser sources [5,6] and saturable absorbers. Fe x Zn 1-x S thin films have also been suggested for use in photoconversion as absorbers, due to reported tunability of the band gap and favorable large absorption coefficients [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Band-edge modification and mid-infrared absorption of co-deposited Fe_xZn_1-xS thin films

Molland

Ghadyani

Karhu

et al. 2015

Opt. Mater. Express

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Abstract:The bandgap of iron-doped ZnS has been reported by others to change significantly under the addition of a few atomic percent of iron, which would have significant implications for solar energy. Here, thin films of Fe x Zn 1-x S with x = 0 to 0.24 were made by co-deposition of Fe and ZnS using thermal evaporation. In contrast to results on nanoparticles and electrodeposited materials, all co-deposited films had optical properties consistent with a direct bandgap of ~3-3.5 eV. The absorption peak at 2.7 µm from substitutional Fe 2+ in the ZnS films was well isolated up to concentrations of over 2% (~10 21 cm −3 ), despite the small crystallite size, suggesting the films may have applications as mid-infrared saturable absorbers. Increasing dopant concentration resulted in band edge softening. Density functional calculations are presented and are consistent with our observations of the Fe:ZnS films, demonstrating spin-polarized midgap states and additional states at the band edge. Gapontsev, "Fe-doped II-VI Mid-Infrared Laser Materials for the 3 to 8 μm

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Band-edge modification and mid-infrared absorption of co-deposited Fe_xZn_1-xS thin films

Molland

Ghadyani

Karhu

et al. 2015

Opt. Mater. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Transition metal substitution in II-VI semiconductors has been a rich area of study for over 50 years [1] but new applications, including dilute magnetic semiconducting devices [2], intermediate band solar cells [3], and mid-infrared lasers [4,5] are driving further development of these materials. In particular, both ZnS and ZnSe have suitable properties as hosts for passive Qswitch and gain species in the mid-infrared region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear optical response and structural properties of MBE-grown Fe:ZnS films

Polyakov

Karhu

Zamiri

et al. 2018

Opt. Mater. Express

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Fe-doped ZnS films of high optical quality were fabricated using vacuum vapor deposition. Preferential crystalline orientation and phase purity of the host ZnS films were increased by the addition of small amounts of Fe, and the spectral shape of the 2-4 µm absorption peak is maintained up to the highest concentration tested (9 at.% ). However, Raman shifts of the Fe:ZnS films indicate the inclusion of disordered material at high Fe concentrations, and below-gap optical Kerr effect measurements show an increase in χ (3) correlated with this data. Nonlinear optical properties of the films were also measured using the Z-scan method at 532 nm, and saturable absorption of the Fe-based intraband levels at 2.94 µm was confirmed. Spectroscopy and laser demonstration of a new class of gain media," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 32, 885-895 (1996) The scherrer formula for x-ray particle size determination," Phys. Rev. 56, 978-982 (1939).

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“…One of the present limitations to the wide scale deployment of systems in this wavelength range is the size and cost of the sources, which are based on bulk gain materials [1,2]. Fabrication of waveguide lasers is desirable, but to date the best results have been obtained by defining a waveguide within a bulk material [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%