Frontal lobe functioning in boys with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder

Grodzinsky, Gail M.; Diamond, Rhea

doi:10.1080/87565649209540536

Cited by 282 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

181

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Costs for cases increased by about 50%, comparable to (Gorenstein, Mammato, & Sandy, 1989) or slightly longer than other studies of ADHD (Grodzinsky & Diamond, 1992), but shorter than those of the inattentive subtype of ADHD (Chhabildas, Pennington, & Willcutt, 2001) or with comorbid oppositional disorder (van Goozen et al, 2004). However, the latencies in these studies are much less than the 3-fold increases reported for brain-damaged children (Reitan & Wolfson, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…It may be preferred to the Meiran test, which may not yield group performance differences, or other tasks that involve switching (e.g. card-sorting) that sometimes indicate problems with the flexibility of set (Barkley, 1997) and sometimes not (Grodzinsky et al, 1992;Denckla, 1996). These may not be suitable for demonstrating impairment in ADHD cases in summoning the energy and effort for efficient cognitive switching in terms of response latency (Greve, Williams, Haas, Littell, & Reinoso, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cognitive switching processes in young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Oades

Christiansen

2008

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be slow at switching between stimuli, or between sets of stimuli to control behaviour appropriate to changing situations. We examined clinical and experimental parameters that may influence the speed of such processes measured in the trail-making (TMT) and switch-tasks in cases with ADHD combined-type, their non-affected siblings and unrelated healthy controls. The latency for completion of the trail-making task controlling for psychomotor processing (TMT B-A) was longer for ADHD cases, and correlated with Conners' ratings of symptom-severity across all subjects. The effect decreased with age. Switchtask responses to questions of "Which number?" and "How many?" between sets of 1/111 or 3/333 elicited differential increases in latency with condition that affected all groups. But there was evidence for increased symptom-related intra-individual variability among the ADHD cases, and across all subjects. Young siblings showed familiality for some measures of TMT and switch-task performance but these were modest. The potential influence of moderator variables on the efficiency of processing stimulus change rather than the speed of processing are discussed. KeywordsADHD; attention; heritability; risk; siblings; set; switch; trail-making To switch attention or behaviour is fundamentally adaptive in environments that change. Switching attention between stimuli (from moment to moment), switching plans (from retreat to approach) can also be rewarding. But switches cost. They need control, effort (energy) and take time compared to a continuation with the ongoing mode of response. If control is efficient the cost can be small. Young people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have disturbances in reinforcement processes (Sonuga-Barke, 2005), controlling effortful processes (Sergeant, Geurts, Huijbregts, Scheres, & Oosterlaan, 2003;Hurks et al., 2005), and switching attention-related processes (Pearson, Lane, & Swanson, 1991;Mason, Humphreys, & Kent, 2004;White & Shah, 2006).Neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies report roles for the inferior frontal regions in switching between stimuli (Jemel, Achenbach, Müller, Röpcke, & Oades, 2002;Beck, Rees, Frith, & Lavie, 2001), and parts of the intraparietal sulcus in switching between plans contingent on set (Dove, Pollmann, Schubert, Wiggins, & von Cramon, 2000;Hampshire & Corresponding author: Biopsychology Group, University Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany, Tel.: +49-(0)201-9597-030, Fax.: +49-(0)201-7227-302, robert.oades@uni-due.de. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which c...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive switching processes in young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Oades

Christiansen

2008

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Classical scoring of the verbal fluency tasks records the number of correctly generated words and the number of errors which informs us about divergent thinking and executive or language dysfunctions (Lezak, 1995). Most of the studies report phonemic fluency differences in ADHD (Grodzinsky & Diamond, 1992;Loge, Staton, & Beatty, 1990;Sergeant, et al, 2002), but opposite results can be found as well (Fischer, Barkley, Edelbrock, & Smallish, 1990;McGee, Williams, Moffitt, & Anderson, 1989;Reader, Harris, Schuerholz, & Denckla, 1994;Tucha, et al, 2005), where differences were found solely in semantic fluency. These previous findings usually do not explain the reason behind differences of verbal fluency achievement, but it is supposed that phonemic fluency depends on EF more than semantic fluency.…”

Section: Measuring Executive Functions With Verbal Fluency Tasksmentioning

confidence: 85%

Verbal fluency in children with ADHD: Strategy using and temporal properties

Takács

Kóbor

Tárnok

et al. 2013

Child Neuropsychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Verbal fluency tasks are commonly used in cognitive and developmental neuropsychology in assessing executive functions, language skills as well as divergent thinking. 22 typically developing children and 22 children with ADHD between the ages of 8 and12 years were examined using verbal fluency tasks, prepotent response inhibition and working memory tests. The clinical group showed impaired inhibitory and spatial working memory processes.We used different qualitative analyses of verbal fluency tasks to explore the lexical and executive strategies (word clustering and switching), and the temporal properties of the responses. Children with ADHD had a leeway in applying relevant lexical or executive strategies related to difficulties in strategy using. The reduced efficiency of children with ADHD in semantic fluency task is based on suboptimal shifting between word clusters, and related to the lack of ability of producing new clusters of items. The group difference appeared at the level of accessing and/or activating common words; however the executive process of searching the lexicon extensively is intact.

show abstract

“…The neuropsychological measures included were the Stroop (1935) color-naming test and the Trail Making Test from the Halstead-Reitan Battery (Reitan & Davison, 1974), both of which are often used to assess frontal lobe functioning (e.g., Grodzinsky & Diamond, 1992;Kimberg & Farah, 1993;O'Donnell, Kurtz, & Ramanaiah, 1983) and have been used extensively as diagnostic tests for neuropsychological dysfunction (Long, Gehring, & Hyrn, 1986;Nadler & Ryan, 1984). Each of these tasks requires that participants suppress prepotent response tendencies in order to produce an appropriate response.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrony effects in inhibitory control over thought and action.

May¹,

Hasher²

1998

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

266

287

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two experiments explore whether synchrony between peak circadian arousal periods and time of testing influences inhibitory efficiency for younger and older adults. Experiment 1 assesses inhibitory control over no-longer-relevant thoughts, and Experiment 2 assesses control over unwanted but strong responses, as well as performance on neuropsychological tasks that index frontal function. Inhibitory control is greatest at optimal times for both age groups and is generally greater for younger than for older adults. Performance on 2 neuropsychological measures (Stroop and Trails) also changes over the day, at least for older adults, and is correlated with inhibitory indexes, suggesting that for older adults changes in inhibition may be mediated by circadian variations in frontal functioning. By contrast, access to well-learned responses is not vulnerable to synchrony or age effects.

show abstract

Frontal lobe functioning in boys with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 282 publications

References 34 publications

Cognitive switching processes in young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Cognitive switching processes in young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Verbal fluency in children with ADHD: Strategy using and temporal properties

Synchrony effects in inhibitory control over thought and action.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About