Frontal eye field as defined by intracortical microstimulation in squirrel monkeys, owl monkeys, and macaque monkeys II. cortical connections

Huerta, Michael F.; Krubitzer, Leah; Kaas, Jon H.

doi:10.1002/cne.902650304

Cited by 374 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…There are a number of possible anatomical pathways that could be involved, both cortical (Huerta et al, 1987) and subcortical (Huerta et al, 1986;Tian and Lynch, 1997). Given that the FEF takes part in the pro- .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Rapid Sensory Responses in the Human Frontal Eye Field Region

Kirchner¹,

Barbeau²,

Thorpe³

et al. 2009

Journal of Neuroscience

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Most of what we know about the human frontal eye field (FEF) is extrapolated from studies in animals. There is ample evidence that this region is crucial for eye movements. However, evidence is accumulating that this region also plays a role in sensory processing and that it belongs to a "fast brain" system. We set out to investigate these issues in humans, using intracerebral recordings in patients with drug-refractory epilepsy. Event-related potential recordings were obtained from 11 epileptic patients from within the FEF region while they passed a series of visual and auditory perceptual tests. No eye movement was required. Ultra-rapid responses were observed, with mean onset latencies at 24 ms after stimulus to auditory stimuli and 45 ms to visual stimuli. Such early responses were compatible with cortical routes as assessed with simultaneous recordings in primary auditory and visual cortices. Components were modulated very early by the sensory characteristics of the stimuli, in the 30 -60 ms period for auditory stimuli and in the 45-60 ms period for visual stimuli. Although the frontal lobes in humans are generally viewed as being involved in high-level cognitive processes, these results indicate that the human FEF is a remarkably quickly activated multimodal region that belongs to a network of low-level neocortical sensory areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Rapid Sensory Responses in the Human Frontal Eye Field Region

Kirchner¹,

Barbeau²,

Thorpe³

et al. 2009

Journal of Neuroscience

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“…1, 5, 7). On the same day, a number of labeled neurons were also found in prearcuate area 8, corresponding to the frontal eye field (FEF) (Huerta et al, 1987). However, only a few labeled neurons were scattered in the prefrontal cortex.…”

Section: On Day 3 After Viral Injection Into MI Forelimb Regionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Organization of Multisynaptic Inputs from Prefrontal Cortex to Primary Motor Cortex as Revealed by Retrograde Transneuronal Transport of Rabies Virus

Miyachi¹,

Lu²,

Inoue³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

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The organization of multisynaptic projections from the prefrontal cortex to the primary motor cortex (MI) was examined in macaque monkeys by retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies virus. In the first series of experiments, the virus was injected into the MI forelimb region, and the time-dependent distribution patterns of transsynaptic labeling were analyzed in the frontal lobe with various survivals (2-4 d). Two days after the viral injection, neuronal labeling emerged in the caudal aspects of the nonprimary motor-related areas that are known to project to the MI directly. At the same time, the motor thalamus contained labeled neurons. On the third day, cortical labeling extended into the rostral motor-related areas and, also, prearcuate area 8. Moreover, a number of labeled neurons were located in the internal pallidum and the cerebellar nuclei. At the 4 d postinjection period, neuronal labeling occurred widely in prefrontal areas as well as in the putamen and the cerebellar cortex. In the second series of experiments, the viral injection was made into the MI hindlimb region, and the distribution pattern of prefrontal labeling on the fourth day was compared with that in the forelimb-injection case. The labeled neurons in each prefrontal area were much fewer in the hindlimb-injection case than in the forelimb-injection case. Whereas ventral area 46 was most densely labeled from the forelimb region, only sparse labeling from the hindlimb region was observed in this prefrontal area. The present results suggest the importance of ventral area 46 in the cognitive control of forelimb movements.

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“…Several studies suggest that unlike most prefrontal areas, FEF and LIP project directly to many visual areas [98,99] ( figure 1a,b). This connectivity enables the VAW to mediate between a large set of areas within the visual cortex.…”

Section: (B) Two Workpaces For Attentional and Conscious Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay of attention and consciousness in visual search, attentional blink and working memory consolidation

Raffone

Srinivasan

Leeuwen

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Despite the acknowledged relationship between consciousness and attention, theories of the two have mostly been developed separately. Moreover, these theories have independently attempted to explain phenomena in which both are likely to interact, such as the attentional blink (AB) and working memory (WM) consolidation. Here, we make an effort to bridge the gap between, on the one hand, a theory of consciousness based on the notion of global workspace (GW) and, on the other, a synthesis of theories of visual attention. We offer a theory of attention and consciousness (TAC) that provides a unified neurocognitive account of several phenomena associated with visual search, AB and WM consolidation. TAC assumes multiple processing stages between early visual representation and conscious access, and extends the dynamics of the global neuronal workspace model to a visual attentional workspace (VAW). The VAWis controlled by executive routers, higher-order representations of executive operations in the GW, without the need for explicit saliency or priority maps. TAC leads to newly proposed mechanisms for illusory conjunctions, AB, inattentional blindness and WM capacity, and suggests neural correlates of phenomenal consciousness. Finally, the theory reconciles the all-or-none and graded perspectives on conscious representation

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Frontal eye field as defined by intracortical microstimulation in squirrel monkeys, owl monkeys, and macaque monkeys II. cortical connections

Cited by 374 publications

References 104 publications

Ultra-Rapid Sensory Responses in the Human Frontal Eye Field Region

Ultra-Rapid Sensory Responses in the Human Frontal Eye Field Region

Organization of Multisynaptic Inputs from Prefrontal Cortex to Primary Motor Cortex as Revealed by Retrograde Transneuronal Transport of Rabies Virus

The interplay of attention and consciousness in visual search, attentional blink and working memory consolidation

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