Frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery: anatomical study and clinical implications regarding injectable treatments

Abstract

Physicians performing injection treatments such as botulinum toxin type A and dermal filler injection to the posterior frontal area should be aware of the various distributions of the Fbr.

The superficial temporal artery: A meta‐analysis of its prevalence and morphology

“…The characteristics of included studies are presented in Table 1. Of 21 included studies, eight were based on radiological imaging (Bettoni et al, 2018;Cobb, Galvin, & Gonzalez, 2016;Doscher et al, 2015;Kim, Jung, Chang, & Choi, 2013;Koziej et al, 2018;Kuruoglu, Cokluk, Marangoz, & Aydin, 2015;Manoli et al, 2016;Medved et al, 2015), 12 were based on cadaveric anatomical studies (Chen et al, 1999;Fan, Zhang, Yang, & Huang, 2010;Imanishi, Nakajima, Minabe, Chang, & Aiso, 2002;Kawashima et al, 2005;Kleintjes, 2007;Lee et al, 2014;Lei et al, 2005;Marano, Fischer, Gaines, & Sonntag, 1985;Mwachaka, Sinkeet, & OgengO, 2010;Pinar & Govsa, 2006;Ricbourg, Mitz, & Lassau, 1975;Tayfur, Edizer, & Magden, 2010), and one study included both methodologies (Stock et al, 1980).…”

Bilateral comparison of the vascular pattern of the superficial temporal artery based on digital subtraction angiography

“…Furthermore, the STA gains more and more importance for microsurgical free tissue transfer as a recipient vessel [18,19]. Finally, the expected branching pattern especially of the frontal branch is of importance to avoid iatrogenic damaging by injectable treatments like dermal filler or botulinum toxin type A injections [11]. When Marano et al firstly described in 1985 the detailed surgically relevant anatomy of the STA in 50 cadaver specimens, it could be demonstrated that the STA had several anatomical variations [13].…”

Anatomical study of medial zygomaticotemporal vein and its clinical implication regarding the injectable treatments

“…Recently, lee et al described that the area extending 2.5 mm lateral and 3.0 mm superior to the uppermost superior orbital rim would be dangerous zone susceptible to injury of the superficial temporal artery (StA) [9]. Since the lateral canthus was established as a landmark for the location of the MZtV in the present study, the metric comparison between the location of the StA in their study and the piercing location of the MZtV in the present study cannot be done herein.…”