From spent graphite to recycle graphite anode for high-performance lithium ion batteries and sodium ion batteries

Liu, Kui; Yang, Shenglong; Luo, Luqin; Pan, Qichang; Zhang, Peng; Huang, Youguo; Zheng, Fenghua; Wang, Shaoyi; Li, Qingyu

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136856

Cited by 127 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, some studies have shown that higher post‐drying temperatures/intensities can have a strong negative impact [1,27] . In addition, several studies exist where good cell performance is achieved by moderate post‐drying temperatures and/or hold times [22–24,28] . The crucial factor for post‐drying whole electrode coils is to enable diffusion through the half of the coating width to a sufficient scale, so the major challenge lies within the long diffusion paths compared to post‐drying of sheets with freely accessible surfaces.…”

Section: Results and Discusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diffusion can be accelerated by high temperatures, low vacuum and a high concentration gradient, so low dew points in the vacuum oven. As the temperature seems to be a limiting factor when post‐drying LIB electrodes, the temperature was set to a moderate, safe level of 80 °C on the basis of experimental findings and research [1,22–24,27,28] . Then, heat transfer estimations were made for cathode and anode to determine the necessary pre‐heating time to reach 80 °C in the whole coils (cf.…”

Section: Results and Discusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…chose 2 hours and 100 °C for NCM532 cathodes with PVDF binder. Liu et al [24] . indicated that they post‐dried graphite anodes with CMC binder for 12 hours at 80 °C under vacuum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of Vacuum Post‐Drying Procedures for Electrodes of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Huttner

Marth

Eser

et al. 2021

Batteries & Supercaps

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In order to reduce the residual moisture in lithium‐ion batteries, electrodes and separators need to be post‐dried prior to cell assembly. On an industrial scale, this is often conducted batch‐wise in vacuum ovens for larger electrode and separator coils. Especially for electrodes, the corresponding post‐drying parameters have to be carefully chosen to sufficiently reduce the moisture without damaging the sensitive microstructure. This requires a fundamental understanding of structural limitations as well as heat transfer and water mass transport in coils. The aim of this study is to establish a general understanding of the vacuum post‐drying process of coils. Moreover, the targeted design of efficient, well‐adjusted and application‐oriented vacuum post‐drying procedures for electrode coils on the basis of modelling is employed, while keeping the post‐drying intensity as low as possible, in order to maintain the sensitive microstructure and to save time and costs. In this way, a comparatively short and moderate 2‐phase vacuum post‐drying procedure is successfully designed and practically applied. The results show that the designed procedure is able to significantly reduce the residual moisture of anode and cathode coils, even with greater electrode lengths and coating widths, without deteriorating the sensitive microstructure of the electrodes.

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Section: Results and Discusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Design of Vacuum Post‐Drying Procedures for Electrodes of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Huttner

Marth

Eser

et al. 2021

Batteries & Supercaps

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Comparing the intensity ratio of D peak and G peak, ID/IG=0.41, which also shows that the material still has a high degree of graphitization, similar to XRD results. that the lattice spacing of d1, d2 and d3 regions are 0.341, 0.353 and 0.343 nm respectively, which correspond to the (002) plane of graphite 16,17 . The result shows that the interlayer spacing is larger than that of commercial graphite (0.3354 nm), which is consistent with the results of XRD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion Coefficient Analysis of Aluminum Electrolysis Spent Cathode as Anode Material For Lithium-ion Battery

Huang

Peng

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The aluminum electrolysis spent cathode (SC) was treated by hydrothermal method and used as anode material for lithium-ion battery. The purified SC material shows excellent electrochemical performance. In order to understand the diffusion behavior of Li+ in the SC electrode, the diffusion coefficient of Li+ in the SC electrode was systematically analyzed by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the diffusion coefficient (DLi+) of Li+ in SC electrode is calculated by CV is 2.2292×10-11 cm2·s-1, which is calculated by GITT and EIS ranges are 4.2286×10-13-2.9667×10-10 cm2·s-1, 4.05×10-13-3.87×10-12 cm2·s-1, respectively. SC electrode exhibits better Li+ diffusion kinetics compared to commercial graphite (CG). In addition, the full cell of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/SC also shows excellent cycle performance. After 80 cycles at 1 C (1 C=172 mA·g-1), the specific discharge capacity of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/SC full-cell can reach 94.7 mAh·g-1, and the capacity retention can reach 98.13%. The fast lithium-ion diffusion rate and high discharge capacity provide a feasible direction for the high value utilization of aluminum electrolysis spent cathode.

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“…2,3 Some carbonbased materials, such as the most representative material graphite, are absolute leaders among the other known anode materials for LIBs. [4][5][6][7] Nevertheless, on account that graphite has a modest lithiation/delithiation capacity of 374 mAh g -1 , numerous researches have been done to develop the candidates with higher capacity than graphite. Besides, the massive consumption of graphite in commercial energy storage appliances makes it currently lacking the satisfaction of the ever-increasing energy-storage market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%