From Rio to Paris via Kyoto: How the Efforts to Protect the Global Climate Affect the World Energy Development

Клименко, В. В.; Клименко, А. В.; Tereshin, A. G.

doi:10.1134/s0040601519110028

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Third, there is global climate change and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Their growth is caused by man-made emissions from energy sector facilities [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The present and the future of Russian renewable energy in the green economy transition

et al. 2021

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In the recent years, renewable energy is the most actively developing area in the energy industry. The energy decarbonization and the desire to meet the Paris Climate Agreement criteria are the dominant motives of this development. Climate and energy policies, new technologies, changing prices for gas, coal and carbon, the growth of renewable energy sources continue to challenge operators, developers and utility company in energy system. Our article is devoted to these problematic issues. They are related to the renewable energy development. It is a promising direction of “green” growth around the world, including Russia. We discuss the latest trends and developments in the field of renewable energy in Russia in the conditions of global challenges. In addition, we extrapolate possible directions for the renewable energy growth in the future. Our results can be interesting and useful for researchers and experts in the strategic management field, spatial development, innovation economy and some stakeholders involved in the environment and energy system.

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“…Third, there is global climate change and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Their growth is caused by man-made emissions from energy sector facilities [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The present and the future of Russian renewable energy in the green economy transition

et al. 2021

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“…Researchers confirmed that carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), released from fossil fuels and industrial applications, is considered the principal promoter of global warming, which, in turn, influences the temperature of the Earth's crust causing climate changes (Lacis et al, 2010). In this regard, a worldwide concern toward the objectives of reducing energy consumption, maximizing energy efficiency, switching into alternative fuels, increasing renewable energy share, and reaching a zero CO 2 emissions were stated in the agreements: Rio in 1992, Kyoto in 1997, and Paris in 2015(Klimenko et al, 2019. Unfortunately, the high penetration of renewable energy sources causes difficulty in integrating the electrical energy from renewable energy into the electricity grid because of their intermittency and fluctuation; thus a large-scale energy storage is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Techno-Economical Feasibility of the Power-to-Methane Process Based on Molten Carbonate Electrolyzer

2021

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High-temperature steam/CO2 electrolysis process has been the scope of study for the last decades. This study confers a feasible and environmental approach to convert low-carbon electrical energy into chemical energy, stored in the form of synthetic gas (H2 and CO) to be further processed in line with the final use target. It focuses on the Power-to-Methane technology using a high-temperature molten carbonates electrolyzer (MCEC). A large-scale process composed of the built-in MCEC model and the Balance of Plant (BOP) equipment is proposed and simulated with AspenPLUS software, taking into consideration the possible heat integration in the system for saving energy consumption. The proposed full-based process system shows an overall efficiency of 72%. The employment of this carbon neutral process relies on its economic competitiveness. For this reason, an economic assessment is conducted to investigate the economic feasibility of the proposed process. Indeed, the current methane production cost resulting from this process is not as competitive as market prices induced by other technologies. However, a parametric study demonstrating the impact factors on the methane selling price reveals that amelioration in the lifespan of the electrolyzer, accompanied by a reduction in its cost, can be an attractive solution, given the current market technology. This overall analysis sheds light on the role of the proposed process as an environmental-friendly and cost feasible solution for synthetic methane production.

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“…This international agreement sought a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized countries (Roberts, 2016). The Kyoto Protocol was initially in effect from 2008 to 2012 (Klimenko et al, 2019;Roberts, 2016). It was the first binding agreement on the fight against climate change, and established legally binding emission reduction targets.…”

Section: International Agreementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: International Agreementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In November 2009, the Protocol was ratified by 192 countries which jointly account for 86.8% of all greenhouse gas emissions (Klimenko et al, 2019). In it, industrialized countries committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2% before 2012 compared to 1990 levels (Klimenko et al, 2019). Finally, a reduction of around 9.6% in greenhouse emissions from 2008 to 2012 compared to 1990 levels for most countries was achieved, virtually twice the initial amount (Klimenko et al, 2019).…”

Section: International Agreementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of CO2 and CH4 temporal patterns and the Valladolid urban plume influence over the upper Spanish plateau

Duque¹

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1.2. Resumen 5 2. Introduction 9 2.1. An overview 9 2.2. CO2 2.3. CH4 2.4. The importance of accurate CO2 and CH4 mixing ratio measurements 2.5. CIBA station characteristics 2.6. Time series 2.7. Valladolid urban plume analysis 2.8. Motivation of the study 3. Objectives 3.1. General objective 3.2. Specific objectives 4. Material and methods 4.1. Site description 4.2. Monitoring station 4.3. Instrumentation 4.4. Database 4.5. Software employed 4.6. Mathematical equations used 4.7. Statistical techniques 4.8. Graphical summary techniques 4.9. Validation methods 5. List of Original Contributions 6. Original Contributions 6.1. Harmonic function for describing CO2 and CH4 temporal patterns: Original Contribution I 6.2. Kernel functions for describing CO2 and CH4 temporal patterns: Original Contribution II 6.3. Local regression functions for describing CO2 and CH4 temporal patterns: Original Contribution III 101 6.4. Valladolid urban plume influence on the final CO2 and CH4 mixing ratios at CIBA: Original Contribution IV 115 7. General results 133 7.1. CO2 and CH4 temporal analysis 133 7.2. Back-trajectory analysis 136 II 7.3. Validation indicators 8. General discussion 8.1. Temporal pattern evolution 8.2. Mathematical equations for analysing temporal patterns 8.3. Valladolid urban plume analysis 9. Conclusions / Conclusiones 9.1. Conclusions 9.2. Conclusiones 10. References 11. Appendices 11.1. Acronyms 11.2. List of tables and figures 2.1.1.1. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) In 1988 the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations EnvironmentProgram (UNEP) created the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to analyse the problem of global climate change. The IPCC is a group open to all members of the United Nations and WMO (IPCC, 2020a). The function of the IPCC is not to conduct its own research but to analyse, in a comprehensive, objective, open and transparent way, the relevant scientific, technical and socioeconomic information required to understand the scientific elements involved in climate change caused by human activities, its possible repercussions and the possibilities of attenuation and/or adaptation (IPCC, 2020a). In addition, through their evaluations, the IPCC seeks to identify the strength of scientific agreement in different areas and indicates where further research is needed. The IPCC is made up of three different working In 2015, the 21 st Conference of the Parties (COP 21) of the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) took place in Paris, ending with the adoption of the Paris Agreement by the 195 UNFCCC countries (Boffino et al., 2019). The Paris Agreement establishes the global framework for combating climate change from 2020, promoting a transition towards a low-emission economy in the fight against climate change (Boffino et al., 2019; Pauw et al., 2019). This agreement establishes a plan to reduce emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, aiming to keep global temperature increases to below 2ºC relative to 2.3.1. The CH4 cycle A...

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From Rio to Paris via Kyoto: How the Efforts to Protect the Global Climate Affect the World Energy Development

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

The present and the future of Russian renewable energy in the green economy transition

The present and the future of Russian renewable energy in the green economy transition

Investigation of the Techno-Economical Feasibility of the Power-to-Methane Process Based on Molten Carbonate Electrolyzer

Analysis of CO2 and CH4 temporal patterns and the Valladolid urban plume influence over the upper Spanish plateau

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