From Ratsiraka to Ravalomanana

Abstract

From Ratsiraka to Ravalomanana Études océan Indien, 42-43 | 2012 Context of Study Karembola is located in dryland Madagascar roughly between the Menarandra River and Cap Sainte Marie (Tanjona Vohimena), between Androy and Mahafale. 7 An average annual rainfall of 200-350 mm is often quoted, though high interannual variation in precipitation is more critical in defining the constraints and opportunities that Karembola farmers and herders face. The effects are felt in hand hoe agriculture, where low soil moisture often results in crop failure, and in livestock production, where there are often severe restrictions on fodder and water supply. This is not to say that the limitations inherent in a dryland ecology alone have made this one of the poorest and most marginalised regions of Madagascar. Long-term histories of political disadvantage and social exclusion have aggravated ecological constraints.

New rules are not rules: Privatization of pastoral commons and local attempts at curtailment in southwest Madagascar

“…However, the agricultural area of some Tanalana villages is subdivided among the different local clans (raza) and clearing rights are then limited to the corresponding clan area. As is common in Madagascar (Middleton 2009;Andrés-Domenech et al 2014), the bushland used for grazing has traditionally been an open access resource often considered as "no man's land" (Rakotomalala 1990, 47).…”