“…It has been used primarily for the improvement of motor function in patients with movement disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD; Breit, Schulz, & Benabid, 2004), and more recently dystonia (Ostrem & Starr, 2008;Sakas et al, 2010), pain (Owen et al, 2007), obsessive-compulsive disorder (Greenberg et al, 2006), epilepsy (Handforth, DeSalles, & Krahl, 2006), depression (Mayberg et al, 2005), and Tourette's syndrome (Neuner et al, 2008). Although the original rationale for DBS was to replace neurosurgical lesions by inducing a reversible functional lesion in overactivated subcortical structures, such as the globus pallidus interna or the subthalamic nucleus, more recent insights hypothesize that the mechanisms of action of DBS are more complex, including depolarization blockade, synaptic inhibition, synaptic depression, and stimulation-induced modulation of pathological network activity (McIntyre, Savasta, KerkerianLe Goff, & Vitek, 2004).…”