2004
DOI: 10.1080/0031383032000149814
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From poverty to prosperity: the impact of socio-economic change on finnish elementary education in the late 18th and early 19th centuries

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Cited by 3 publications
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“…There were some isolated efforts to establish elementary schools for the poor Finnish population in the late 18 th and early 19 th centuries (Ikonen, 2004), but these were scarce and never really extended to large sections of the population. Before that, school activities were conducted under the auspices of the church, sometimes through informal means, or under parents' guidance (Ikonen, 2004). Unlike higher education, elementary education did not have regular schools with professional teachers, and thus results were rather poor (Ikonen, 2004).…”
Section: Historymentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…There were some isolated efforts to establish elementary schools for the poor Finnish population in the late 18 th and early 19 th centuries (Ikonen, 2004), but these were scarce and never really extended to large sections of the population. Before that, school activities were conducted under the auspices of the church, sometimes through informal means, or under parents' guidance (Ikonen, 2004). Unlike higher education, elementary education did not have regular schools with professional teachers, and thus results were rather poor (Ikonen, 2004).…”
Section: Historymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Before that, school activities were conducted under the auspices of the church, sometimes through informal means, or under parents' guidance (Ikonen, 2004). Unlike higher education, elementary education did not have regular schools with professional teachers, and thus results were rather poor (Ikonen, 2004).…”
Section: Historymentioning
confidence: 99%