From phosphorus to phosphorene: Applications in disease theranostics

Nanomaterials: A powerful tool for tumor immunotherapy

“…This strategy, combined with αCD47 immune checkpoint blocker, induced polarization of TAMs toward M1, which blocked the interaction of CD47 with SIRPα to improve phagocytosis of macrophages and enhanced the presentation of TAAs. The cases mentioned above related to BP illustrate the influence of the same substance in different self-morphologies on tumor immunotherapy strategies and suggest that biomaterials scientists can modify the nanostructures according to different situations when designing the structures of nanoparticles ( 153 – 155 ).…”

MXenes: state-of-the-art synthesis, composites and bioapplications

“…As a result, the solubility, half-life, toxicity, and route of elimination of a drug delivery system are critical to its overall assessment. Unlike phosphorene, which dissolves rapidly into phosphorus oxides with a low toxicity, 130,153,154 MXenes have demonstrated outstanding degradability in both in vivo and in vitro experiments with very low toxicity. Lin et al demonstrated the unrivalled biodegradability of Nb 2 C (MXene) nanosheets when utilized as a photothermal agent in cancer ablation by using hMPO-responsive nanosheets.…”

“…Some 2D materials are either unstable in an aqueous medium or outright toxic. 130,131 The few explored MXenes to date have shown little, even no toxicity and are relatively more water stable. 70 Szuplewska et al reported PEG modified Ti 2 C-MXene and evaluated its selectivity and cytotoxicity against normal and malignant cells following irradiation.…”

Ångstrom-scale silver particles potently combat SARS-CoV-2 infection by suppressing the ACE2 expression and inflammatory responses

“…12 The small size nanomaterials even reaching the Ångstromscale (from quantum dots, and nanoflakes to nanocrystals) possess unique physical and chemical properties, such as an ultrasmall size, a large surface area-to-volume ratio, surface reactivity, and a photothermal/photodynamic effect, which allow nanoparticles to be ideal pharmaceutical agents or carriers for therapeutic usage. [13][14][15][16][17] Silver nanoparticles have well-known medical properties, including antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties, and are extensively used in various biomedical fields, such as burn-related infections. 18,19 Previous studies have reported that silver nanoparticles efficiently inhibit multiple viruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), human hepatitis B virus (HBV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and influenza A virus (H1N1).…”