From Permeation to Pore Nucleation in Smectic Stacks

Buraud, Jean-Luc; Noël, Olivier; Ausserré, Dominique

doi:10.1021/la4003498

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…The most serious limitation, affecting structure visualisation software in particular, is limited graphics performance. Even so, some structural visualisation software does work on the Raspberry Pi [20]. New system software, improving graphics performance by making better use of the Raspberry Pi’s GPU, is under development [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4273π: Bioinformatics education on low cost ARM hardware

et al. 2013

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BackgroundTeaching bioinformatics at universities is complicated by typical computer classroom settings. As well as running software locally and online, students should gain experience of systems administration. For a future career in biology or bioinformatics, the installation of software is a useful skill. We propose that this may be taught by running the course on GNU/Linux running on inexpensive Raspberry Pi computer hardware, for which students may be granted full administrator access.ResultsWe release 4273π, an operating system image for Raspberry Pi based on Raspbian Linux. This includes minor customisations for classroom use and includes our Open Access bioinformatics course, 4273π Bioinformatics for Biologists. This is based on the final-year undergraduate module BL4273, run on Raspberry Pi computers at the University of St Andrews, Semester 1, academic year 2012–2013.Conclusions4273π is a means to teach bioinformatics, including systems administration tasks, to undergraduates at low cost.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4273π: Bioinformatics education on low cost ARM hardware

et al. 2013

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How cells flow in the spreading of cellular aggregates

Beaune

Stirbat

Khalifat

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Like liquid droplets, cellular aggregates, also called "living droplets," spread onto adhesive surfaces. When deposited onto fibronectincoated glass or polyacrylamide gels, they adhere and spread by protruding a cellular monolayer (precursor film) that expands around the droplet. The dynamics of spreading results from a balance between the pulling forces exerted by the highly motile cells at the periphery of the film, and friction forces associated with two types of cellular flows: (i) permeation, corresponding to the entry of the cells from the aggregates into the film; and (ii) slippage as the film expands. We characterize these flow fields within a spreading aggregate by using fluorescent tracking of individual cells and particle imaging velocimetry of cell populations. We find that permeation is limited to a narrow ring of width ξ (approximately a few cells) at the edge of the aggregate and regulates the dynamics of spreading. Furthermore, we find that the subsequent spreading of the monolayer depends heavily on the substrate rigidity. On rigid substrates, the migration of the cells in the monolayer is similar to the flow of a viscous liquid. By contrast, as the substrate gets softer, the film under tension becomes unstable with nucleation and growth of holes, flows are irregular, and cohesion decreases. Our results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the environment influence the balance of forces that modulate collective cell migration, and therefore have important implications for the spreading behavior of tissues in both early development and cancer.wetting | tissue dynamics | tissue mechanosensitivity T issue spreading is a fundamental phenomenon in many biological processes. Examples include wound healing (1-4) where the surrounding tissue spreads to close the injury, or the development of the embryo (5-7), which requires the orchestrated movement of cells to specific locations. It is also present in the progression of cancer (8-10). For example, glioblastomas grow and spread aggressively to invade surrounding regions and may lead to dramatic damages (11). The first step of cancer propagation (invasion) is characterized by a loss of cell-cell adhesion associated with an increase in cell motility. Increased cell motility is followed by entry into the blood circulation (intravasation), and subsequent escape from the circulation into distal tissue (extravasation). From this distal site, cell proliferation leads to a secondary tumor (11). Thus, it is crucial to understand how noninvasive tumor cells become metastatic by the loss of cell-cell adhesion and increased migration, which leads to malignancy. Further investigation into this topic requires the design and analysis of model in vitro experimental systems suitable for recapitulating these early stage events.Model in vitro systems in 3D are essential to recapitulating the early stages of cancer progression. For example, it has been reported that the efficiency of medical drugs tested on 2D cell culture systems is not transposable to 3D in more...

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Pore dynamics in lipid membranes

Gözen

Dommersnes

2014

Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.

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From Permeation to Pore Nucleation in Smectic Stacks

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

4273π: Bioinformatics education on low cost ARM hardware

4273π: Bioinformatics education on low cost ARM hardware

How cells flow in the spreading of cellular aggregates

Pore dynamics in lipid membranes

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