From Oral to Moral

Rozin, Paul; Haidt, Jonathan; Fincher, Katrina

doi:10.1126/science.1170492

Cited by 203 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Wheatley & Haidt, 2005;Schnall et al, 2008) or no comparison emotion at all (e.g. Chapman, Kim, Susskind & Anderson, 2009 and the response by Rozin, Haidt & Fincher, 2009;Danovitch & Bloom, 2009). Studies that have taken care to contrast bodily and non-bodily moral elicitors of disgust find non-bodily elicitors to show quite different profiles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Just an anger synonym? Moral context influences predictors of disgust word use

Gutierrez

Giner‐Sorolla

Vasiljevic

2012

Cognition & Emotion

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Do verbal reports of disgust in moral situations correspond to the concept of disgust as measured by other means, or are they used metaphorically to refer to anger? In this experiment, participants read scenarios describing a violation of a norm either about the use of the body (bodily-moral) or about harm and rights (socio-moral). They then expressed disgust and anger on verbal scales, and alternate representations of these emotion concepts were assessed through facial expression endorsement measures. When socio-moral norms were violated, anger words strongly predicted disgust words, and the separate role of disgust face endorsement was low, although significant. When bodily norms were violated, the predictive role of anger words roughly equaled the role of disgust face endorsements. Angry faces, however, never predicted disgust words independently of anger words. These results support a middle ground position in which disgust words concerning socio-moral violations are not entirely a metaphor for anger and bear some relationship to other representations of disgust. At the same time, however, the use of disgust language is more strongly related to anger language, and less strongly related to facial representations of disgust, for socio-moral versus bodily-moral violations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Just an anger synonym? Moral context influences predictors of disgust word use

Gutierrez

Giner‐Sorolla

Vasiljevic

2012

Cognition & Emotion

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“…Other existing physiological and neurological systems associated with food selection and intake have also been proposed to have served as preadaptations for higher-order social functions. For instance, the food-rejection system may have served as a basis for human disgust and morality (33,34). Future studies that investigate whether subjective social status may also modulate physiological systems regulating appetite would provide direct support for this framework.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mere experience of low subjective socioeconomic status stimulates appetite and food intake

Cheon

Hong

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

119

121

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Among social animals, subordinate status or low social rank is associated with increased caloric intake and weight gain. This may reflect an adaptive behavioral pattern that promotes acquisition of caloric resources to compensate for low social resources that may otherwise serve as a buffer against environmental demands. Similarly, diet-related health risks like obesity and diabetes are disproportionately more prevalent among people of low socioeconomic resources. Whereas this relationship may be associated with reduced financial and material resources to support healthier lifestyles, it remains unclear whether the subjective experience of low socioeconomic status may alone be sufficient to stimulate consumption of greater calories. Here we show that the mere feeling of lower socioeconomic status relative to others stimulates appetite and food intake. Across four studies, we found that participants who were experimentally induced to feel low (vs. high or neutral) socioeconomic status subsequently exhibited greater automatic preferences for high-calorie foods (e.g., pizza, hamburgers), as well as intake of greater calories from snack and meal contexts. Moreover, these results were observed even in the absence of differences in access to financial resources. Our results demonstrate that among humans, the experience of low social class may contribute to preferences and behaviors that risk excess energy intake. These findings suggest that psychological and physiological systems regulating appetite may also be sensitive to subjective feelings of deprivation for critical nonfood resources (e.g., social standing). Importantly, efforts to mitigate the socioeconomic gradient in obesity may also need to address the psychological experience of low social status.

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“…According to the pathway expansion model of disgust and disgust elicitors, the "core" emotion of disgust originated in the mammalian bitter taste rejection system and evolved to protect the body from disease and infection and is elicited through food, eating, body products and animals; through biological and cultural evolution the system has then expanded to encompass disgust related to interpersonal and moral concerns (Rozin, Lowry, Imada and Haidt, 1999;Rozin, Haidt and Fincher, 2009). Indeed, the activation of disgust has been shown to influence both economic decisions and moral judgements (Sanfey, Rilling, Aronson, Nystrom and Cohen, 2003;Eskine, Kacinik and Prinz, 2011).…”

Section: Emotional Selection Based On Disgustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corpses, Maggots, Poodles and Rats: Emotional Selection Operating in Three Phases of Cultural Transmission of Urban Legends

2014

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PostprintThis is the accepted version of a paper published in Journal of Cognition and Culture. This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination. Citation for the original published paper (version of record):Eriksson, K., Coultas, J. (2014) Corpses, maggots, poodles and rats: Emotional selection operating in three phases of cultural transmission of urban legends. Journal of Cognition and Corpses, maggots, poodles and rats: Emotional selection operating in three phases of cultural transmission of urban legends AbstractIn one conception of cultural evolution, the evolutionary success of cultural units that are transmitted from individual to individual is determined by forces of cultural selection. Here we argue that it is helpful to distinguish between several distinct phases of the transmission process in which cultural selection can operate, such as a choose-to-receive phase, an encode-and-retrieve phase, and a choose-to-transmit phase.Here we focus on emotional selection in cultural transmission of urban legends, which has previously been shown to operate in the choose-to-transmit phase. In a series of experiments we studied serial transmission of stories based on urban legends manipulated to be either high or low on disgusting content. Results supported emotional selection operating in all three phases of cultural transmission. Thus, the prevalence of disgusting urban legends in North America may be explained by emotional selection through a multitude of pathways.Keywords: emotional selection; cultural transmission; disgust; emotion and memory; serial reproduction 3 Corpses, maggots, poodles and rats: Emotional selection operating in three phases of cultural transmission of urban legends Several authors have argued for a Darwinian approach to explaining prevalent culture, in which one focuses on which cultural items are more likely to survive (Dawkins, 1976;Dennett, 1995;Sperber, 1996;Boyer, 2001).1 Forces of cultural selection may include ecological factors but also details of the human psychology such as content biases (Sperber, 1996; Kelly, Machery, Mallon, Mason and Stich, 2006 (2001), which will be the focus of the present paper. Heath et al. (2001) proposed that the success in cultural evolution of stories such as urban legends, which are transmitted from individual to individual on a large scale, is to a considerable extent determined by the stories' ability to evoke widely shared emotions. These emotions may be both negative and positive.As a case study, Heath et al. focused on urban legends' ability to elicit disgust. Two main findings emerged.First, a study of web sites that document urban legends showed that legends with disgusting motifs were more likely to be spread across many web sites. Second, in an experiment where urban legends were manipulated with respect to their capacity to evoke the emotion of disgust, participants expressed greater willingness in passing along those stories that were more disgusting (controlling for...

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From Oral to Moral

Cited by 203 publications

References 10 publications

Just an anger synonym? Moral context influences predictors of disgust word use

Just an anger synonym? Moral context influences predictors of disgust word use

Mere experience of low subjective socioeconomic status stimulates appetite and food intake

Corpses, Maggots, Poodles and Rats: Emotional Selection Operating in Three Phases of Cultural Transmission of Urban Legends

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