From Offline to Adaptive Online Energy Management Strategy of Hybrid Vehicle Using Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle

Ouddah, Nadir; Adouane, Lounis; Abdrakhmanov, Rustem

doi:10.1007/s12239-018-0054-8

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The output power of the fuel cell system decreases at a rate of 0.26 W/km (0.628%) over 8000 km, and the battery SOC is consistently maintained at around 70% in bus routes. Ouddah et al [25] compared two energy management strategies with another FCHV. The first is a frequency division-based EMS with a frequency decomposition that assigns a frequency component to each energy source.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Energy Flow Characteristics of Fuel Cell System Based on Real Vehicle Tests

Duan

Feng

et al. 2021

Energies

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For fuel cell hybrid vehicles, the energy distribution mechanism of the fuel cell and power battery should reasonably allocate the power output of the fuel cell and power battery, optimize the efficiency of both and control the power battery SOC to fluctuate within a reasonable range. To test the energy flow and operation characteristics of the powertrain of two hybrid car models on the market, two test vehicles (called vehicle A and vehicle B in this paper) are tested on an AIP 4WD chassis dynamometer under constant power and the China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle-Passenger cycle condition, respectively. The test results show that vehicle A has a smaller power battery SOC variation interval and a lower variable rate than vehicle B. The cumulative power battery output energy of vehicle B is more significant than that of vehicle A. More importantly, the current rare public test reports of fuel cell vehicles make this study very valuable. This paper has important reference significance for the energy flow characteristics and energy management strategy of existing fuel cell hybrid vehicles.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Energy Flow Characteristics of Fuel Cell System Based on Real Vehicle Tests

Duan

Feng

et al. 2021

Energies

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“…Therefore, the results are only valid in the laboratory, but they can be used as a basis for comparison with other real-time strategies. A real-time optimization algorithm called the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) was also developed in [29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. It introduces the concept of equivalent consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized EMS and a Comparative Study of Hybrid Hydrogen Fuel Cell/Battery Vehicles

Kamal

Adouane

2022

Energies

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This paper presents a new Fuel Cell Fuel Consumption Minimization Strategy (FCFCMS) for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) powered by a fuel cell and an energy storage system, in order to minimize as much as possible the consumption of hydrogen while maintaining the State Of Charge (SOC) of the battery. Compared to existing Energy Management Strategies (EMSs) (such as the well-known State Machine Strategy (SMC), Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), Frequency Decoupling and FLC (FDFLC), and the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS)), the proposed strategy increases the overall vehicle energy efficiency and, therefore, minimizes the total hydrogen consumption while respecting the constraints of each energy and power element. A model of a hybrid vehicle has been built using the TruckMaker/MATLAB software. Using the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), which includes several stops and accelerations, the performance of the proposed strategy has been compared with these different approaches (SMC, FLC, FDFLC, and ECMS) through several simulations.

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“…9 Compared with DP algorithm, PMP algorithm is a typical instantaneous optimization algorithm, not only has the advantage of less computation, but also can meet the real-time requirements by appropriately improving. Ouddah et al 10 used the PMP algorithm to obtain the bus's optimal energy control strategy based on fixed line in off-line state, and to realize the online application of energy control strategy through SOC feedback regulation. Whether DP or PMP algorithms are employed, driving cycle's information needs to be obtained in advance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive energy control strategy of PHEV based on the Pontryagin’s minimum principle algorithm

Shi

Liu

Wang

et al. 2021

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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The optimization of energy control strategy is one of the key technologies of plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) to improve the capabilities of energy saving and emission reduction. In order to improve fuel economy of PHEV, adaptive equivalent minimum fuel consumption strategy (A-ECMS) is proposed. Firstly, optimization methods of different energy control strategies are analyzed, and the Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP) and the equivalent fuel consumption theory are selected to optimize energy control strategy of the PHEV. Secondly, the configuration of PHEV and research objectives of the power control system are determined. Thirdly, the energy control problem is analyzed by the PMP theory, and the improvement measures for the energy control problem are put forward by the equivalent minimum fuel consumption strategy (ECMS). Fourthly, after analyzing the relationship between the equivalent factor and reference SOC, adaptive equivalent minimum fuel consumption strategy (A-ECMS) model is established by MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, combined with Cruise software, the PHEV simulation model is simulated, and the simulation results are analyzed. The results show that compared with the CD/CS energy control strategy, the A-ECMS energy control strategy reduced the 100 km fuel consumption of the vehicle by 7% under three times WLTC driving condition.

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From Offline to Adaptive Online Energy Management Strategy of Hybrid Vehicle Using Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Investigation on Energy Flow Characteristics of Fuel Cell System Based on Real Vehicle Tests

Investigation on Energy Flow Characteristics of Fuel Cell System Based on Real Vehicle Tests

Optimized EMS and a Comparative Study of Hybrid Hydrogen Fuel Cell/Battery Vehicles

Adaptive energy control strategy of PHEV based on the Pontryagin’s minimum principle algorithm

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