From Jean‐Bertrand Aristide to Gerard Latortue: The Unending Crisis of Democratization in Haiti

Dupuy, Alex

doi:10.1525/jlca.2005.10.1.186

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The US (as well as France and Canada) refused to authorize the deployment of peacekeeping forces to stop the armed insurgency, which, together with the US assistance to Democratic Convergence, can be seen as smoking-gun evidence of the US preference for an early departure of Aristide (Goldberg, 2007: 189). Furthermore, the US ambassador in Haiti had officially informed Aristide that the US would not protect him from rebel forces, and that he was on his own (Dupuy, 2005: 187). In contrast, the OAS issued Resolution 861, which condemned ‘criminal elements and activities that defy the rule of law and established government institutions’, and expressed ’its firm support for the Government of the President of Haiti, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, in its efforts to restore public order by constitutional means’.…”

Section: Process Tracing Analysis (Pta)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CARICOM now stood as the only international actor not recognizing the de facto government of Haiti, and requested a fact-finding mission to investigate the unclear circumstances of Aristide’s removal. Caribbean states made this final demand at both the OAS and the UN, but was opposed by the US in both forums, and no official fact-finding mission was ever dispatched to the country (Dupuy, 2005; Goldberg, 2007; Granderson, 2004).…”

Section: Process Tracing Analysis (Pta)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Let us start by tracing the role of the US in this crisis, and then reconstruct how CARICOM and the OAS took positions in relation to US actions. The negative perceptions of President Aristide held by US Republican administrations are well documented (Dupuy, 2005(Dupuy, , 2006Goldberg, 2007;Smith, 2005). Aristide's political platform entailed a strong anti-imperialist rhetoric, as well as liberation theology ideas -two aspects that put him in an uneasy relationship with the US, and in particular with US Republican administrations (Boniface, 2002;Schnably, 2000).…”

Section: No Action Oas-ecuador 2005amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional organizations and the politics of sanctions against undemocratic behaviour in the Americas

Palestini

2020

International Political Science Review

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Under which conditions do regional organizations in the Americas impose sanctions on member states that violate democracy? To address this question, the article combines a qualitative comparative analysis applied to 55 presumed threats to democracy brought to the attention of regional organizations (ROs), and a process tracing analysis of two cases of the imposition of sanctions. The analysis reveals that ROs impose sanctions despite lack of support or even obstruction by the US, when the threats are committed against the incumbent in relatively weak member states. The unique case in which an RO suspended a relatively powerful state because of threats by the incumbent required the convergence of interests between ROs’ most powerful member states, and the support of the US. The article demonstrates that under specific conditions, ROs in the Americas can become relatively autonomous enforcers of democracy-protection norms.

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Section: Process Tracing Analysis (Pta)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process Tracing Analysis (Pta)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: No Action Oas-ecuador 2005amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional organizations and the politics of sanctions against undemocratic behaviour in the Americas

Palestini

2020

International Political Science Review

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“…14 Aid provided by Canada and the United Nations (UN) in Haiti was based on training for and the distribution of technology to members of paramilitary groups who filled a power vacuum after the removal of Aristide and became part of the Haitian National Police (HNP). 15 This raises questions about the process of UN and Canada-led police reform in Haiti and the involvement of security forces in extrajudicial killings, rape, and false imprisonment of thousands of Haitians following the coup. Postcoup violence disproportionately targeted supporters of Fanmi Lavalas, Aristide's political party.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Haitian Paradox” or Dark Side of the Security-Development Nexus? Canada’s Role in the Securitization of Haiti, 2004–2009

Walby¹,

Monaghan²

2011

Alternatives: Global, Local, Political

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Drawing on analysis of government records obtained using Access to Information Act requests, the author examines the securitization of Canada’s aid program to Haiti between 2004 and 2009. The author discusses how Canadian agencies, including the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), Correctional Service of Canada (CSC), and the Canadian International Development Agency, were involved in capacity-building initiatives that focused on police reform, border surveillance, and prison construction/refurbishment across Haiti in the aftermath of a coup that ousted the democratically elected President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. The author demonstrates how these efforts at securitization resulted in what officials referred to as the “Haitian Paradox,” whereby reorganization of the Haitian National Police force led to higher arrest rates and jail bloat, creating conditions that violated rather than ameliorated human rights. While the securitization project may have been based on the rule of law and human rights in Canadian policy makers’ official discourse, in practice these securitization efforts exacerbated jail overcrowding, distrust of police, and persecution of political opposition. The author therefore demonstrates one way that international development, aid, and criminal justice intersect, with emphasis on the transnational aspects of RCMP and CSC activities.

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“…In Haiti, the security dimension that characterizes the state-centric approach of judicial reform emphasizes a top-down donor-driven governmentality of bodies with (sporadic) investments in security forces, judicial powers, and secure internment that maintain an unjust sociopolitical status quo, all wrapped within a corrupt and authoritarian political system in crisis for more than three decades (Baranyi, 2019;Berg, 2013;Donais, 2015;Donais & Knorr, 2013;Dupuy, 2005;Gélineau & Zeichmeister, 2016;Hauge, 2018;Hauge et al, 2015;Marcelin, 2012;Rivard Piché, 2017;Seitenfus, 2011;Walby and Monaghan, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Justice and rule of law failure in Haiti: A view from the Shanties

Marcelin

Cela

2019

Journal Community Psychology

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Since 1995, significant investments have been made in justice reform initiatives in Haiti. The results, however, have been meager. Drawing upon data from a longitudinal study conducted in Cité Soleil between 2008 and 2011, this article illuminates the short‐sightedness of top‐down reforms that fail to meet the demands of the population, leaving them to fend for themselves. In the absence of a viable justice system Cité Soleil residents have resorted to alternative, and at times pathological, measures to exact some level of “justice”. In this article, we contend that an empirically grounded base of knowledge of the demand side of justice and the promotion of trust‐building strategies that engage the active participation of citizens in the country are necessary to enact and sustain justice and rule of law reform. Such an approach will create a venue to channel civil society's demands, build political will and facilitate coordination between stakeholders and Haitian society for self‐sustained rule of law institutions and long‐term peace building in Haiti.

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From Jean‐Bertrand Aristide to Gerard Latortue: The Unending Crisis of Democratization in Haiti

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Regional organizations and the politics of sanctions against undemocratic behaviour in the Americas

Regional organizations and the politics of sanctions against undemocratic behaviour in the Americas

“Haitian Paradox” or Dark Side of the Security-Development Nexus? Canada’s Role in the Securitization of Haiti, 2004–2009

Justice and rule of law failure in Haiti: A view from the Shanties

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