From Gift to Commodity … and Back Again: Form and Fluidity of Sexual Networking in Papua New Guinea

Hammar, Lawrence

doi:10.22459/ci.12.2010.04

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Knowledge of HIV may influence choices about HIV testing [57], but rarely changes sexual behaviour, as many women in PNG are in unequal power relations and have limited power to negotiate safe sex. This lack of agency is common amongst married women [54]. As Kelly and her colleagues remind us, a woman’s risk is far more dependent upon her ability to make and act upon decisions than knowing about HIV and its transmission [56].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women who sell sex are known as pamuk meri or pasin pamuk (prostitute) or tukina meri (literally a woman who sells sex for 2 Kina, the currency of PNG) [54]. Women who sell sex are often not able to insist upon condom use (including with their intimate partners) and are frequently punished for selling sex by rape, including by gang rape [30,53].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women who sell sex are often not able to insist upon condom use (including with their intimate partners) and are frequently punished for selling sex by rape, including by gang rape [30,53]. There is also evidence that women who leave their husbands due to rape and violence are also deemed HIV vectors and thus responsible for spreading HIV [54,55]. In Western Province, senior women considered to possess special spiritual powers can identify and enact retribution upon women who are deemed a HIV vector (including divorced women and women who sell sex).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Women and HIV in a moderate prevalence setting: an integrative review

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAlmost 32,000 people are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The primary route of transmission in this moderate prevalence setting is through heterosexual sex. Thus a gendered understanding of HIV is required to inform HIV prevention, treatment and care options. The aim of this review is to investigate understandings specifically about women and HIV in PNG and to identify gaps in the literature to inform future HIV research.MethodsAn integrative review of literature about women, HIV and PNG was conducted using a systematic search of online databases, including book chapters and grey literature. Prior to inclusion, literature was assessed using inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) appraisal tool. Selected articles, book chapters and reports were coded and a constant comparative method of analysis used to construct a series of themes.ResultsThe 26 articles, book chapters and reports included in the review were predominantly descriptive, original research (23/26 pieces of literature). Six themes were identified in the literature: economic, social and cultural factors (including mobility); gender issues (including violence against women); knowledge about HIV (including perception of risk of HIV); religious beliefs about HIV; women perceived as responsible for HIV transmission; and prevention of HIV. Literature about women and HIV in PNG is predominantly focussed upon women who sell sex, women as mothers or young women. Women are usually represented as either victims of HIV or responsible for transmitting HIV. Anthropological and social research has described the economic, social and cultural context along with the lived experience of HIV in PNG, but there is limited operations research or implementation research available.ConclusionsThe literature reviewed has highlighted the importance of a gendered analysis of HIV prevention, care and treatment in PNG. There is an opportunity for operations, implementation and health systems research about HIV in PNG to shift research from description to action.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Women and HIV in a moderate prevalence setting: an integrative review

et al. 2013

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“…This increasingly intersects with the recent HIV/AIDS crisis in PNG and the conflation of sexuality and gendered mobility. Clement Malau, founding Director of the National AIDS Council Secretariat, noted in 1999 that sexual practice and networking had been transformed in the contemporary context – becoming more complex and various than before, with sexual practices in rural and urban contexts increasingly taking very different forms (Malau , see also Hammar , ; Jenkins ; Jenkins and Passey ). Certain forms of sexuality in PNG, including but not limited to the commoditization of sex, have been identified as increasing the vulnerability of women to infection with HIV in conjunction with high levels of domestic and sexual violence, both of which are widespread in PNG .…”

Section: Gendered Mobility and Sexuality In A Time Of Aidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also involved are both informal and more formalized forms of sex work. Increasingly these forms of sexual contact and connection blur the categorical and experiential boundaries between marriage and sex work (Hammar :123; see also Haley ; Wardlow , , ). In this paper, we argue that understand the basis of such practices and interconnections, we need to explore the associations between gender, mobility, and sexuality articulated in mythic narratives .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Great Ancestral Women: Sexuality, Gendered Mobility, and HIV among the Bamu and Gogodala of Papua New Guinea

Wood

Dundon

2014

Oceania

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Wives and Wanderers in a New Guinea Highlands Society: Women’s lives in the Wahgi Valley

Reay¹

2022

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2 I put it this way to re-capture something of the tenor of the time. This was also how she recollected it herself, years later, a point I return to below. 3 From her statement to the Gender Relations Research Group that she convened along with Roger Keesing and Michael Young in 1983-84 at The Australian National University (the group's project was called 'Gender relations in the southwestern Pacific: ideology, politics and production'). What of my own recollections of Marie Reay may have coloured this Introduction date both from this period, and from earlier periods of residence in Canberra (1969-72 and 1965).'I talked to the girl myself,' Defecating In-Law said. 'I told her that if she married Head he would send her away.' 'One old man,' said Raggiana obliquely, not looking at Vain Tears, 'stood up and talked about eating pork. He said nothing about marriage payments. We are not cross with him.' Big Insect spoke to Song: 'Your father came to get you. Do you want to stay or go back? Have we kept you here against your will?' 'I want to stay,' Song declared.Defecating In-Law said that Head had been silent all this time.'What do you want me to say?' Head asked him. 'If you want to wash her with grease, that is all right. If you want her to stay, that is all right.' 'At first,' Big Insect said, 'we wanted to wash her with grease, and we prepared some valuables to give her brothers. But Song said that she wanted to stay. That is all right; she can stay.' 'Head is an attractive young man,' You Ate said without malice. 'The Konumbuga girl House Tongue wants to marry him, but she can't because she is already betrothed to another man. Another Konumbuga girl has carried leg with Head, and if she comes to him later we'll keep her.' 'We're not talking about later,' Vain Tears objected. 'I want to take Song back now. The Kugika have to dance at Konmil tomorrow, and you will all have to be in good breath. We can't stay here talking all the time, but we shall stay until you give us the girl.' Konangil and Tail, both age-mates of Head, were whispering together. They agreed that if the Ngeniga tried again to seize Song they would hold her and help her to escape.'We want to go,' Vain Tears resumed. 'We shall go as soon as Song is ready to come with us.' 'We have talked enough,' said Tail's father. 'The girl is adamant in wanting to stay. It is a matter for her.' 'The first time Song visited the Kugika,' Vain Tears remembered, 'she came to a courting ceremony. Later, she came with the dancers for the Pig Ceremonial. Then she came with us when we brought plumes and shells

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From Gift to Commodity … and Back Again: Form and Fluidity of Sexual Networking in Papua New Guinea

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Women and HIV in a moderate prevalence setting: an integrative review

Women and HIV in a moderate prevalence setting: an integrative review

Great Ancestral Women: Sexuality, Gendered Mobility, and HIV among the Bamu and Gogodala of Papua New Guinea

Wives and Wanderers in a New Guinea Highlands Society: Women’s lives in the Wahgi Valley

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