From Field to Pint: malting barley in the eastern U.S.

Hmielowski, Tracy

doi:10.2134/csa2017.62.0801

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In addition, winter barley is garnering increased attention as a source of malt for the expanding craft brewing industry (Brouwer et al, 2016; Kaufenberg, 2017). In New York, the Farm Brewery License Program incentivizes farm breweries to source 20% of their ingredients locally when making malted beverages, and this percentage will increase to 90% by 2024 (Stempel, 2016; Hmielowski, 2017). Winter barley that meets malting standards could potentially fulfill this market demand (Hayes et al, 2012; Culman et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Winter Barley in Minnesota: Relationships among Cultivar, Fall Seeding Date, Winter Survival, and Grain Yield

Zhong

Wiersma

Steffenson

et al. 2019

Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management

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No planting date from early September to mid-October consistently resulted in maximum winter survival.• Two key environmental variables, fall growing degree days and snow cover at or below -4°F contributed to winter survival.• The cultivar McGregor had the highest winter survival and grain yield among the cultivars tested.• Winter survival was positively associated with grain yield.• Additional research and breeding for winter hardiness will be needed to improve winter survival and grain yield. AbstractWinter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is currently being developed as a new cash crop with potential to provide both economic and environmental benefits in Minnesota. In a field experiment, three winter barley cultivars that exhibited different levels of winter hardiness were sown at four planting dates (early September to mid-October with a ~2-week interval between each planting date) in St. Paul from 2010-2013 and 2015-2018 and in Lamberton from 2015-2019. Fall growing degree days (GDD), winter snow coverage, winter survival, and grain yield were evaluated across 10 site-years. Only 50% of siteyears had a winter survival at 20% or greater when averaged across all planting dates and cultivars. No specific planting date consistently resulted in maximum winter survival. McGregor, a non-malting barley, had the highest winter survival and yield. Planting dates that resulted in fall-accumulated GDD from 600 to 1400 were associated with better winter survival in years with sufficient snow cover. Less than 4 inches of snow cover and temperatures at or below -4°F for more than 3 days led to poor winter survival in 5 of the 10 site-years. Continued breeding for improved winter hardiness and agronomic research that provides best management practices will be needed to develop a practical winter barley cropping system for Minnesota.

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Winter Barley in Minnesota: Relationships among Cultivar, Fall Seeding Date, Winter Survival, and Grain Yield

Zhong

Wiersma

Steffenson

et al. 2019

Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management

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“…Winter malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) acreage has been increasing in the eastern United States because of demand by the craft brewing industry for locally sourced grain (Hmielowski, 2017). In Ohio, just under 10,000 acres of winter malting barley were planted in 2019 compared with 3,994 has been evident in recent years, as numerous examples of crop damage have been noted over the past several years as a result of weather.…”

Section: Previous Studies On Stand Assessment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating winter malting barley grain yield with fractional green canopy cover

McGlinch

Jacquemin

Lindsey

2021

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Due to growth in the craft brewing industry, farmers in the Eastern U.S. are planting winter malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to meet demands for locally-sourced grain. However, given that barley is a relatively new crop in this region, basic agronomic information relating to stand assessment is needed. This is particularly relevant in this region as climatic variability from extreme temperature fluctuations during the winter and spring can reduce a barley stand, creating the need for farmers to estimate grain yield potential. The objective of the research was to evaluate the relationship between spring stem counts, fractional green

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“…Since 2010, the craft beer industry in North America has grown appreciably. In 2017, the increase of breweries in the United States has exceeded the all-time high levels achieved in 1875 (Hmielowski 2017), and although openings of new breweries have slowed, the market share of craft breweries in the US continues to grow (Brewers Association 2019b). In Canada, there were approximately 1000 breweries in 2018, which was a 21% increase over the previous year (Beer Canada 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Canada, there were approximately 1000 breweries in 2018, which was a 21% increase over the previous year (Beer Canada 2019). A relatively high per capita number of breweries in the northeast has resulted in an increased demand for locally produced malt barley (Hmielowski 2017). In eastern Canada, from Ontario to Atlantic Canada, there are now approximately 650 craft breweries (Beer Canada 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural practices to improve malt barley quality in the northeast with focus on the craft sector

Mills

Izydorczyk²,

Choo

et al. 2021

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Demand is increasing for locally grown malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in northeastern North America driven primarily by growth in the craft beer sector. A multi-site experiment was conducted to evaluate how variety (V), seeding rate (S) and nitrogen fertilizer (N) affect malt quality in the northeast. Two barley varieties (Cerveza and Newdale), two seeding rates (200 and 400 seeds m-2), and five rates of actual applied nitrogen fertility (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1) were tested at Charlottetown, PE, Ithaca, NY, Princeville, QC, and New Liskeard and Ottawa, ON. Basic agronomic data were collected from all environments including yield, thousand kernel weight and hectoliter weight. Barley of suitable quality was micromalted and subjected to malt quality analysis. Both V and S resulted in small effects on malt quality, however N had the greatest effect on most measured variables. Increased rates of N application resulted in increased yield, hectoliter weight, and thousand kernel weight, but had a negative effect on most quality traits, especially with increased protein content, reduced fine extract, Kolbach Index and friability, and increased wort beta-glucans. This study shows that for most years at most sites, it is possible to achieve malt quality in the Northeast, however excessive protein and the prevalence of pre-harvest sprout damage are the main barriers. The results of this study have implications for increased malt barley production for the craft sector as well as potential access to commodity markets for northeastern producers.

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From Field to Pint: malting barley in the eastern U.S.

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of Winter Barley in Minnesota: Relationships among Cultivar, Fall Seeding Date, Winter Survival, and Grain Yield

Assessment of Winter Barley in Minnesota: Relationships among Cultivar, Fall Seeding Date, Winter Survival, and Grain Yield

Evaluating winter malting barley grain yield with fractional green canopy cover

Cultural practices to improve malt barley quality in the northeast with focus on the craft sector

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