To improve profitability, farmers are interested in relay intercrop (RI; planting a second crop prior to harvest of the first crop) and double crop (DC; planting a second crop after harvest of the first crop) systems. Economic comparisons can be challenging due to fluctuations in expenses and crop prices. To compare production systems, an Excel‐based partial return calculator was developed. The calculator includes default values for crop yields, expenses, and prices using current information. Additionally, practitioners have the option to enter and use their own values. The objectives of this management guide are to: (a) provide an overview of the calculator; (b) compare partial return of monocrop (MC), RI, and DC production systems; and (c) provide a mechanism for practitioners to use their own values to compare production systems. The partial return calculator compares six production systems, including winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) only, wheat + straw harvest, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] only, wheat (grown in 15‐inch row width) with soybean as a RI, wheat with soybean as a DC, and wheat + straw harvest with soybean as a DC. Partial return for each production system was calculated by subtracting costs (including economic value of P2O5 and K2O removed in harvested portions) from gross return. Using default values, wheat followed by DC soybean and straw harvest resulted in the highest partial return while wheat grown as a MC resulted in the lowest return. Although default values provide a comparison, practitioners should enter their own values to compare production systems.
Growth in the craft brewing industry has increased the demand for locally sourced malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain in the Eastern United States. However, most malting barley seeding rate recommendations are from the Northern Great Plains, the Pacific Northwest, and Western Canada. Therefore, seeding rate research was needed in the humid growing environment of the Eastern United States. The objective of this research was to identify the agronomic optimum seeding rate (AOSR) where grain yield is maximized, and identify the seeding rate that met or exceeded grain quality parameters. An experiment with five seeding rate treatments ranging from 1.9 to 6.2 million seeds ha -1 was established at eight site-years in Ohio. Under normal growing conditions, the AOSR was 3.8-6.2 million seeds ha -1 (average 4.5 million seeds ha -1 ). When plants experienced winter injury, the AOSR was greater at 5.3-5.4 million seeds ha -1 . Grain quality parameters of protein, germination, and deoxynivalenol all tended to improve with increasing seeding rate. Seeding rates of 4.5-4.7 million seeds ha -1 should maximize yield most years while meeting grain quality parameters. However, regions that experience winter temperatures <15˚C without snow coverage should increase seeding rates due to increased chance of winter injury reducing plant stand.
Due to growth in the craft brewing industry, farmers in the Eastern U.S. are planting winter malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to meet demands for locally-sourced grain. However, given that barley is a relatively new crop in this region, basic agronomic information relating to stand assessment is needed. This is particularly relevant in this region as climatic variability from extreme temperature fluctuations during the winter and spring can reduce a barley stand, creating the need for farmers to estimate grain yield potential. The objective of the research was to evaluate the relationship between spring stem counts, fractional green
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