From fatty-acid sensing to chylomicron synthesis: Role of intestinal lipid-binding proteins

Buttet, Marjorie; Traynard, Véronique; Tran, Thi Thu Trang; Besnard, Philippe; Poirier, Hélène; Niot, Isabelle

doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2013.08.011

Cited by 73 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Finally, following TG lipolysis, the generated FFA may be taken up by cells via both receptor-mediated and receptor-independent pathways 38 . Eventually, as TRL become depleted of TG, they dissociate from the endothelial cell surface and are removed by the liver.…”

Section: Overview Of Trl Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein C-II: New findings related to genetics, biochemistry, and role in triglyceride metabolism

et al. 2017

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Apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II) is a small exchangeable apolipoprotein found on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL), such as chylomicrons (CM) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and on high-density lipoproteins (HDL), particularly during fasting. ApoC-II plays a critical role in TRL metabolism by acting as a cofactor of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the main enzyme that hydrolyses plasma triglycerides (TG) on TRL. Here, we present an overview of the role of apoC-II in TG metabolism, emphasizing recent novel findings regarding its transcriptional regulation and biochemistry. We also review the 24 genetic mutations in the APOC2 gene reported to date that cause hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Finally, we describe the clinical presentation of apoC-II deficiency and assess the current therapeutic approaches, as well as potential novel emerging therapies.

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Section: Overview Of Trl Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein C-II: New findings related to genetics, biochemistry, and role in triglyceride metabolism

et al. 2017

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“…These cleavage products are incorporated into micelles together with bile acids and other lipidic molecules [67]. It has been a matter of debate to which degree lipid uptake into the enterocytes of the small intestine involves proteins such as lipid-binding proteins (LBPs) or transport proteins [68,69]. However, it is clear that spontaneous diffusible transfer of FAs and MAG into the plasma membrane represents a significant step in lipid uptake [70].…”

Section: The Missing Link: Lipid Uptake By the Fungusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Bread and Butter?

Rich

Nouri

Courty

et al. 2017

Trends in Plant Science

152

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Most plants entertain mutualistic interactions known as arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) with soil fungi (Glomeromycota) which provide them with mineral nutrients in exchange for reduced carbon from the plant. Mycorrhizal roots represent strong carbon sinks in which hexoses are transferred from the plant host to the fungus. However, most of the carbon in AM fungi is stored in the form of lipids. The absence of the type I fatty acid synthase (FAS-I) complex from the AM fungal model species Rhizophagus irregularis suggests that lipids may also have a role in nutrition of the fungal partner. This hypothesis is supported by the concerted induction of host genes involved in lipid metabolism. We explore the possible roles of lipids in the light of recent literature on AM symbiosis. Carbohydrates in AM Fungal NutritionAM fungi are strictly biotrophic, in other words they depend on their host to complete their life cycle. Although the basis of biotrophy is poorly understood, it has been suggested that it is due to the dependency of AM fungi on some essential nutritional factor(s) from the host [1]. Direct uptake measurements revealed that intraradical mycelium (IRM) can take up carbohydrates, whereas extraradical mycelium (ERM) did not acquire significant amounts of carbohydrates [2,3]. Perhaps this is because AM fungal genes involved in nutrient uptake are expressed only in the host, which would explain their biotrophy. Tracer studies on mycorrhizal roots, and respirometric analysis on isolated intraradical hyphae have established glucose as a central substrate for AM fungi [3][4][5], and indeed a monosaccharide transporter has been identified in the fungal partner [6]. Mycorrhizal roots represent strong carbon sinks [2,4,7], suggesting that they attract sucrose from photosynthetic source tissues. Sucrose is thought to be cleaved in the vicinity of the fungus by invertases and sucrose synthase [8], resulting in monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) that are released to the fungus and taken up by its IRM [5,6]. However, in the fungal storage compartments -the spores and the vesicles -carbon is stored primarily in the form of lipids, with minor amounts of the glucose polymer glycogen. We discuss here salient issues relating to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in AM fungi and their significance for fungal nutrition during symbiosis. Lipid Metabolism in AM Fungi -Open Questions and SurprisesAlthough the aforementioned carbon fluxes in AM fungi have been firmly established, several questions remain open. AM fungi store and transport most of their carbon in the form of lipids [9][10][11][12]. However, AM fungi cannot produce the basic fatty acid (FA) palmitate (C16) in the absence of their host (as shown in two distantly related species, Rhizophagus irregularis and Gigaspora rosea), while FA elongation and desaturation can occur independently of the plant [13]. This and similar results suggested that AM fungi can only synthesize C16 in the IRM [3,13]. Taken together, the available evidence suggests that AM fungi take up sugars (...

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“…those with 13-21 carbons) FA (Buttet et al, 2014). The only exceptions were those between c.*141C > T and undecylic (C11:0) and lauric (C12:0) medium-chain FA, which only reached the level of suggestivity and, attending to the metabolic role of CD36, are probably spurious.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The thrombospondin receptor (CD36) has a broad repertoire of metabolic and immunological functions related with the binding of diverse ligands such as ionized longchain fatty acids (FA), collagen, anionic phospholipids and oxidized low-density lipoproteins ( Febbraio, 2009;Buttet et al, 2014). This glycoprotein harbours two transmembrane domains plus an extracellular functional domain containing one thrombospondinbinding site and a large hydrophobic pocket that can attach to saturated and unsaturated FA (Martin et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An association analysis between the variability of the caprine CD36 and CD36-like genes and dairy traits

Zidi¹,

Jordana²,

Fernández‐Cabanás³

et al. 2014

Small Ruminant Research

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From fatty-acid sensing to chylomicron synthesis: Role of intestinal lipid-binding proteins

Cited by 73 publications

References 135 publications

Apolipoprotein C-II: New findings related to genetics, biochemistry, and role in triglyceride metabolism

Apolipoprotein C-II: New findings related to genetics, biochemistry, and role in triglyceride metabolism

Diet of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Bread and Butter?

An association analysis between the variability of the caprine CD36 and CD36-like genes and dairy traits

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