A. Reduced productivity after sickness absence due to musculoskeletal disorders and its relation to health outcomes. Scand J Work Environ Health 2005;31(5):367-374.Objectives This prospective cohort study quantified the reduced productivity of workers on full duty after sickness absence from a musculoskeletal disorder and determined the effect of health parameters such as perceived pain, functional disability, and general health on reduced productivity.Methods Workers were included who were returning to work from 2-to 6-week sickness absence due to a musculoskeletal disorder. Self-administered questionnaires at baseline, after return to work, and at a 12-month follow-up were used to collect information on productivity and health status. Logistic regression analyses evaluated the determinants of reduced productivity and determined the level of productivity loss shortly after return to work.
ResultsReduced productivity was prevalent for 60% of the workers after they returned to work, and for 40% still at the 12-month follow-up. The initial musculoskeletal disorder caused 75% of the productivity loss shortly after return to work and 60% at the follow-up. Among those with productivity loss, the median loss for an 8-hour workday was 1.6 hours shortly after return to work and also at the follow-up. Worse physical health, more functional disability, and poorer relations with the supervisor were associated with productivity loss shortly after return to work, whereas recurrent sick leave was the greatest predictor of productivity loss at the follow-up.
ConclusionsReduced productivity was common among workers returning to full duty after sickness absence due to a musculoskeletal disorder. Productivity loss illustrates the importance of the timing of return to work, especially among workers with residual functional disability after return to work. Moreover, the supervisor should be engaged early in the return-to-work process to guarantee an early, sustainable, and productive return to work for the employee.Key terms return to work; presenteeism; productivity costs. Musculoskeletal disorders are well recognized as a major public health problem with substantial human and economic costs (1, 2). In the general Dutch population the 12-month prevalence for musculoskeletal disorders has been estimated to be around 75%, of which 44% is due to low-back pain and 45% to neck and shoulder complaints (3). These high prevalences lead to substantial costs, such as hospital care, general practice costs, and paramedical costs. These direct costs were estimated to be 7.3% of the allocated health care costs in The Netherlands, thereby being one of most expensive health areas (4). In addition, indirect costs due to sickness absence and work disability are substantial since musculoskeletal disorders account for 31% of the total costs of long-term work disability.However, the aforementioned aspects of direct and indirect costs do not cover the full burden of musculoskeletal disorders, because a health problem may also affect work ability, causi...