From De-Europeanisation to Anti-Western Populism: Turkish Foreign Policy in Flux

Kalıber, Alper; Kaliber, Esra

doi:10.1080/03932729.2019.1668640

Cited by 55 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The diaspora engagement policy has shown visible dissonance over the last decade with regard to its initial aims and actual actions on the ground. Turkish politicians started adopting an anti‐Western rhetoric (Kaliber & Kaliber, 2019) and built on an East–West distinction to woo diaspora communities in Europe, including the wider Muslim population from different parts of the world.…”

Section: Turkey Unboundedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host state reactions to home state diaspora engagement policies: Rethinking state sovereignty and limits of diaspora governance

Başer

Féron

2021

Global Networks

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During the last few decades, institutions, policies, and other state‐sponsored mechanisms linking home states and diasporas have expanded well beyond traditional areas. Numerous states have established diaspora engagement policies and institutions to tap diaspora resources and maximize their political, economic, and cultural interests. Previous research largely focused on these policies’ motivations and their impact on diasporas, with little attention being paid to the host states’ context. How do host states react to other states’ diaspora engagement policies within their borders? Where do host states draw the line for other states’ involvement in their territory? In this article, we examine Turkey's diaspora engagement initiatives in European countries, and zero in on host states’ reactions to these extraterritorial activities. We argue that diaspora engagement has limits and its scope is determined by the foreign and domestic political processes of the host states and their concern over their sovereignty and security.

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Section: Turkey Unboundedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host state reactions to home state diaspora engagement policies: Rethinking state sovereignty and limits of diaspora governance

Başer

Féron

2021

Global Networks

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“…Populist discourses, referring to the central role of popular sovereignty, stress the weakening of the nation-states under the pressure of regional and global institutions of governance and assure nation-states that they will win back their status as sovereign actors. The course of re-nationalization or de-Europeanization, in which EU-member or candidate countries are reluctant to engage in collective decision-making and with Brexit as its extreme manifestation, is one of the boldest examples of this call to take back control (Kaliber & Kaliber, 2019). Nevertheless, the demand to restore national sovereignty can be restricted or bolstered by the attached ideology and national or regional power calculations.…”

Section: Nationalization In Foreign Policy Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, populists in the United States (US) and Western Europe have gained political control only in the past few years, whereas the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) has singlehandedly ruled Turkey since coming to power in 2002. This lengthy period offers a unique opportunity to observe the constant variables remaining under different shades of populism in Erdoğan's flip-flopping foreign policy (Çınar, 2018;Kaliber & Kaliber, 2019). Finally, considering the abundance of studies on the populist radical right in Western democracies, this paper, by focusing on Turkey, aims to divert attention to the neglected Global South (Adar & Türkmen, 2019;Destradi & Plagemann, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

The formulation and implementation of populist foreign policy: Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean

Taş

2020

Mediterranean Politics

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Although populism does not dictate a coherent ideological or programmatic agenda, some of its elements still leave distinct marks on the formulation and implementation of foreign policy. This paper argues for the study of populism in its tangible policy impacts and scrutinizes the nexus of populism and foreign policy in contemporary Turkey under President Erdoğan's rule. Despite the abundant references to the 'people' in the populist rhetoric, it identifies personalization in foreign policy decision-making, nationalization in foreign policy implementation, and civilizationalization in the foreign policy discourse. Having established the patterns of populist foreign policy from a wider reading, this study then examines, generally, how populism has informed Turkish foreign policy and, specifically, Turkey's approach to the recent border disputes over the gas fields in the Eastern Mediterranean.KEYWORDS Populism; populist foreign policy; the Eastern Mediterranean; Turkey; personalization Based on the steady dismantling of democratic norms and rising support for authoritarian alternatives, some scholars alarmingly associate this gloomy picture of democratic de-consolidation with the meteoric rise of populist movements (Norris & Inglehart, 2018;Pappas, 2019). Similarly, the 2017 Munich Security Report identified the populist trend as a prime danger to both the international security order and the liberal-democratic status quo (Munich Security Conference, 2017). Contrary to this understanding of populism as the ultimate driver behind the current wave of de-democratization, others consider populism much less central to contemporary politics. They either consider the populist threat to be overstated, or they challenge the analytical value of the term and suggest avoiding its use at all (Akkerman, 2017;Herkman, 2017;Mickey, 2017). In between the problem-solving approach of the first line of thinking, and the negating attitude of the second, this paper calls for a more nuanced consideration of populism.

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“…Since neither moderate Islam nor populism has established identity, Turkey’s foreign policy alignments oscillated throughout the Syrian Civil War. The increasing populism manifests itself in anti-Western sentiments, which was evident in the foreign policy formulation (Kaliber & Kaliber, 2019, p. 8). Right-wing populism in Turkey also contains anti-Russian elements, which became prominent after the crises between the two countries.…”

Section: Turkish Foreign Policy From Neoclassical Realist Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Theorizing the Change: A Neoclassical Realist Approach to Turkish Foreign Policy

Şahin

2020

Contemporary Review of the Middle East

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The Turkish foreign policy (TFP) after the Cold War had been based on traditional institutionalized values. In 2009, the governing party consolidated its power and additionally, the international environment provided more space for decision-makers. As a result, the government seeks to change foreign policy preferences in accordance with its agenda. This article examines this change from a neoclassical realist perspective and argues that due to lack of systemic pressure, Turkey can seek new alignments in the Middle East, rather than overlapping its interests with the West.

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From De-Europeanisation to Anti-Western Populism: Turkish Foreign Policy in Flux

Cited by 55 publications

References 22 publications

Host state reactions to home state diaspora engagement policies: Rethinking state sovereignty and limits of diaspora governance

Host state reactions to home state diaspora engagement policies: Rethinking state sovereignty and limits of diaspora governance

The formulation and implementation of populist foreign policy: Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean

Theorizing the Change: A Neoclassical Realist Approach to Turkish Foreign Policy

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