From Corporate to Organisational Diplomacy

Spinola, Susana de Carvalho; Cotton, Anne-Marie

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81877-7_4

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Inspired by the third principle of Cull (2010), the non-domestic performance of PD, we decided to integrate the foreign dimension by inviting non-EU contributors in a citizen science perspective to co-analyse the corpus, reuniting separate tracks (Boulanger and Cotton, 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were not familiar with public diplomacy and had never previously practised content analysis. To bridge the gap and meet the deontological requirements of research, we provided them with a conceptual frame of reference (three online seminars) and with support for their analytical work (five online tutorials) and trained them as coders (Boulanger and Cotton, 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous analyses applied the MARPE Diplo methodological frame (Carvalho et al , 2016; Cotton, 2019; Boulanger and Cotton, 2022) to the EEAS’ use of Twitter as a strategic tool in its approach to public diplomacy (PD) and identified that the EEAS had created a virtual community of interests on Twitter (Armstrong and Hagel, 1996). However, the EEAS approach on Twitter demonstrated its aim to control the messages and only share a small number of messages related to common interests.…”

Section: Diplomacy and Twiplomacymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As public diplomacy becomes more established to inform publics from another country about the foreign policy goals and objectives of a State or an organisation, as well as to gain their acknowledgement, their understanding, their acceptance, their approval or even their endorsement based on trust (Cotton and Sebastião, 2022), a larger number of stakeholders tend to identify any form of communication with public diplomacy, even confusing public diplomacy with traditional diplomacy. To avoid the expansion of another generic label losing its specificity, we developed a methodological framework based on an extensive literature review (Carvalho et al , 2016; Cotton, 2019; Boulanger and Cotton, 2022). The methodological MARPE Diplo framework aims to determine if a message emanating from a State or an organisation to a non-domestic public belongs to its traditional diplomacy strategy or to its public diplomacy strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysing public diplomacy on Twitter with the MARPE Diplo methodological framework: the case of the European external action service

Cotton

Boulanger

2023

JCOM

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PurposeThe European External Action Service (EEAS) is a relatively new diplomatic service established in 2010. In previous analyses, the authors noted a dominance of security and foreign policy messages emanating from the EEAS, demonstrating the European Union (EU)'s negotiating power. It was clear it had discovered the benefits of public diplomacy, but rather practised traditional diplomacy on public diplomacy specific platforms. The authors aim to pursue the monitoring of the EEAS’ strategy, covering 2019 and 2020, to understand how the use of Twitter supports the evolution of the EU foreign policy.Design/methodology/approachQuestioning if the EEAS is entering the second phase of its life cycle (launched in 2010, its introduction phase was under Katherine Ashton, 2009–2014, followed by Federica Mogherini, 2014–2019, and Josep Borrell, 2019–2024), the authors carried out a content analysis on 765 tweets. The authors used the MARPE Diplo methodological framework to compare how the EU uses public diplomacy through its EEAS to negotiate its own interests with non-EU parties under the presidency of Federica Mogherini (period 1), during the transition period (period 2) and under the presidency of Joseph Borrell (period 3).FindingsBased on the comparison with their previous studies, the authors demonstrate that, over the years, the overall discourse of the EEAS is much more oriented towards public diplomacy.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study has two limitations. The first refers to the sampling of the participants involved in the citizen science experiment: they belong to a homogeneous age category and similar education level which might have biased their analysis. Second, the authors acknowledge the usual limitations linked to citizen science. However, the authors acknowledge a growing emphasis on the outcomes for society involving citizens and including partnerships between the public and scientists as well as an increased public engagement in policy processes.Practical implicationsThe research leads into new insights regarding the European-centred translation of the EEAS messages, compared to the off-centred view of non-European contributors.Social implicationsThe citizen science approach allows to integrate the targeted public to apply public diplomacy content analysis.Originality/valueThis case study is based on the principles of citizen science and demonstrates the importance of an off-centred approach in the analysis of the practices of public diplomacy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diplomacy and Twiplomacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysing public diplomacy on Twitter with the MARPE Diplo methodological framework: the case of the European external action service

Cotton

Boulanger

2023

JCOM

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“…Civic consciousness (Snow, 2006), shared cause, science (Arranda, 2022; Boulanger and Cotton, 2022), and technological development can play a powerful role in the recently defined field of civil society diplomacy (Anton, 2022), especially for tackling international issues. More and more civil society organisations, associations, and benevolent citizens (Mansell, 2013; Tapscott and Williams, 2007) collaborate legally during two- or three-day events that are dedicated to a shared cause (Baraniuk, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Civil society diplomacy: characterizing collective and connective actions for a shared cause

Asdourian

2022

JCOM

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PurposeThis study proposes a description of the civil society diplomacy that emerged in the early solutions found to fight the COVID-19 crisis. The author analyses this concept as the intersection of the social movements of individuals and civil society organisations' and international health care. Its purpose is to determine the international structure of the connective actors aimed to find concrete solutions against COVID-19 and to characterize the communication visible on Twitter towards this civil society engagement.Design/methodology/approachBased on a data-driven approach, the author collected a large dataset of tweets from Switzerland between March and June 2020 and conducted a computational text analysis methodology.FindingsThe results showed who the participants were, provided a visualisation of the digital networking process between engaged and mentioned participants at national and international levels, and determined the emotions that emerged during three event phases.Originality/valueThe study reveals that features of connective social care actions and strategic collective communication can illustrate civil society diplomacy for a shared cause in times of health crisis.

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The Citizen Diplomats and Their Pathway to Diplomatic Power

Anton

Moise

2021

Diplomacy, Organisations and Citizens

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This chapter focuses on individual, citizen diplomats that reached a global level of notoriety and explores their representational work in order to identify pathways to diplomatic power. We applied Sharp's taxonomy of citizen diplomats (2001), adapting traditional models of soft power and public diplomacy (Nye, 2011) and employing a multiple case design focusing on descriptive case studies (Yin, 2018). We therefore selected global citizens who reflect the challenges and trends of contemporary citizen diplomacy (Cooper, 2007, p. 126): a sense of purpose, an ability to interact with high-level state officials and a global reach. By building specific case studies drawn from diplomatic actions of highly visible individuals, our focus was to explore the conversion process of soft power as a possible pathway to diplomatic power in terms of policy making rather than awareness, a dimension often associated with the soft power of citizens.

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From Corporate to Organisational Diplomacy

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Analysing public diplomacy on Twitter with the MARPE Diplo methodological framework: the case of the European external action service

Analysing public diplomacy on Twitter with the MARPE Diplo methodological framework: the case of the European external action service

Civil society diplomacy: characterizing collective and connective actions for a shared cause

The Citizen Diplomats and Their Pathway to Diplomatic Power

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