From coconut shell to porous graphene-like nanosheets for high-power supercapacitors

Sun, Lu; Tian, Chungui; Li, Meitong; Meng, Xiangying; Wang, Lei; Wang, Ruihong; Yin, Jie; Fu, Honggang

doi:10.1039/c3ta10897j

Cited by 812 publications

(411 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The existence of nickel in stainless steel is expected to form Ni 3 C, which could act as a catalyst in the CNT composite. Nevertheless, the amount of Ni 3 C formation in this experiment could not be shown by XRD [12]. The details can be seen in Figure 7.…”

Section: Surface Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Effect of Carbon Nanotube Composite Addition on Biomass-Based Supercapacitor

Widiatmoko

Devianto

Nurdin

et al. 2016

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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Abstract. Electric vehicles are set to become a most attractive alternative transportation mode due to their high efficiency and low emission. Electric vehicles require an efficient energy storage system, e.g. a supercapacitor. Coconut shells have high lignocellulosic content and are not being fully utilized in Indonesia. The lignocellulose could be converted into activated carbon for use as the electrode on a hybrid supercapacitor. This research focused on studying the effect of the addition of carbon nanotube (CNT) composite to porous graphene-like nanosheets (PGNS) as the electrode on a hybrid supercapacitor. The PGNS and CNT composite were synthesized via simultaneous activation and carbonization. Nickel oxide was used as the counter electrode. The CNT composite had a large surface area of 1374.8 m 2 g -1 , pore volume of 1.1 cm 3 g, and pore size of 3.2 nm. On the other hand, the PGNS had a surface area of 666.1 m 2 g -1 , pore volume of 0.47 cm 3 g , and pore size of 2.8 nm. The electrode pair between the NiO and the activated carbon achieved 5.69 F/g and 94.1% cycle durability after 10 charging and discharging cycles. The composite had an energy density of 0.38 W h kg -1 . The aim of this research was to provide an alternative formula for producing high-performance supercapacitor materials.

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Section: Surface Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Effect of Carbon Nanotube Composite Addition on Biomass-Based Supercapacitor

Widiatmoko

Devianto

Nurdin

et al. 2016

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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“…The process is catalyzed by certain chemicals typically an acid, strong base or a salt, such as ZnCl2 and H3PO4 [42][43][44]. The chemicals are impregnated into the biomass prior to pyrolysis at a temperature of 450-900 °C.…”

Section: Pore Structure Tailoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, Modification and Application of Biochar for Energy Storage and Catalysis: A Review

Xiu

Shahbazi²,

Li³

2017

Tr Ren Energy

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Biomass can be converted to biofuels and bioproducts via thermochemical processes. Biochar is one of the major products of thermochemical conversion of biomass. The efficient use of biochar is critical to improving the economic viability and environmental sustainability of biomass conversion technologies. Applications of biochar for both agricultural and environmental benefits (e.g. as soil amendment, for inorganic pollutant removal) have been studied and reviewed extensively. However, biochar for energy storage materials and catalytic applications has not been widely reviewed in the recent past. This review aims to present the more significant recent advances in several biochar utilizations such as catalysts and supercapacitors. Discussions on biochar production technologies, chemistry, properties, characteristics, and advanced functionalization techniques are provided. It also points out barriers to achieving improvements in the future.

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“…[35,74] Additionally, KOH, steam, CO 2 , NH 3 , H 3 PO 4 , NiCl 2 , and CaCl 2 were also commonly used as effective activators to achieve the fabrication of high capacitive biochar. [33,37,40,41] Adv.…”

Section: Activation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio‐Nanotechnology in High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

173

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on seeking suitable electrode materials, and optimizing the electrode/electrolyte and electrode/current collector interface properties. As the core of such energystorage devices, the electrode materials directly determine the processing cost and performance of devices, such as their rate capability, specific capacitance (C sp ), cycling stability, etc, which enable the safe and highly-efficient use of energy. [1a,3] Based on the mechanisms of charge storage, SC electrodes can be classified as electric double layer electrodes (EDLEs), pseudocapacitive electrodes, and hybrid electrodes. Most of the EDLEs use carbon materials (activated carbon (AC), [4] carbon nanotubes (CNTs), [5] carbon nanofibers (CNFs), [6] graphene (GN), [7] etc.) as the electrode active materials and store energy only by electrostatic accumulation at the electrode/electrolyte interface. EDLEs usually show high charge-discharge rates and high cycling stability, while their energy densities (≈5 W h kg −1 ) are often greatly limited by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area (S BET ) and the pore size distribution of electrode materials. Pseudocapacitive electrodes are generally based on conductive polymers (polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANI), polythiophene, etc.) [8] and transition metal oxides/ hydroxides (Fe 3 O 4 , MnO 2 , RuO 2 , NiO, Co 3 O 4 , Ni(OH) 2 , etc.), [9] and use reversible faradic processes for energy storage. Compared to EDLEs, pseudocapacitive electrodes can offer much higher storage capabilities because of the faradic reactions involved. In the case of transition metal oxides/hydroxides, however, their poor electrical conductivity generally leads to low power density. In addition, the easily damaged structures of conductive polymers during the faradic processes usually lead to poor cycling stability. To resolve these problems, hybrid electrodes (GN/PPy, CNTs/PPy, GN/MnO 2 , PPy/MnO 2 , NiMoO 4 / PANI, CNTs/MoS 2 , PPy/MoS 2 , etc.) [10] have been developed to take complete advantage of both EDLEs and pseudocapacitive electrodes. For a long time, nanotechnological techniques have been considered as promising approaches to prepare highly efficient SC electrodes. [1b,11] Compared with micro-and submillimeter materials, nanomaterials as active SC electrodes have the following advantages: [12] (1) A high S BET means sufficient electroactive sites and thus high capacity utilization of electrode materials; (2) Intrinsic porous structures and small particle sizes, which contribute to the complete penetration of the electrolyte and reduce the diffusion path of electrolyte ions; (3) Highly ordered hierarchical structures can relieve the stress within the materials and offer stable channels for electron transfer, which can ensure good cycling stability; (4) The The use of bio-nanotechnology for the fabrication of diverse functional nanomaterials with precisely controlled morphologies and microstructures is attracting considerable attention due to its sustainability and renewability. As one of the key energy storag...

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From coconut shell to porous graphene-like nanosheets for high-power supercapacitors

Cited by 812 publications

References 48 publications

The Effect of Carbon Nanotube Composite Addition on Biomass-Based Supercapacitor

The Effect of Carbon Nanotube Composite Addition on Biomass-Based Supercapacitor

Characterization, Modification and Application of Biochar for Energy Storage and Catalysis: A Review

Bio‐Nanotechnology in High‐Performance Supercapacitors

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