From Charcot’s descriptions to the current understanding of neuropsychiatric symptoms in multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Neuropsychiatric disorders in multiple sclerosis have been known since the original clinicopathological description by Charcot in the late nineteenth century. Charcot, in the last decades of his life, became involved in the field of neuropsychiatry. This produced a battle between rival schools in the era that still echoes to this day. Charcot’s intuition, including the line of thought of Babinski, one of his most famous disciples, was that there was a connection between mood disorders and many of the diseases of the nervous system. Medicine’s concern with establishing a relationship between mood disorders and disease stems from the ancient and middle ages with references found in the Hippocratic doctrine. However, it was only in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, with Charcot’s discoveries, that this discussion was established in a structured way, laying the foundations of neuropsychiatry.

Pediatric multiple sclerosis: an integrated outlook at the interplay between genetics, environment and brain-gut dysbiosis

“…As a neuroscientist at the Hôpital de Salpétrière, Charcot differentiated MS from the tremors of paralytic agitans, which later became known as Parkinson's disease. Charcot identified three key symptoms of MS, including intention tremor, nystagmus and scanning speech [10] , which were later called “Charcot's multiple sclerosis triad”.…”

Therapeutics Approaches of Invertebrate Animal Toxins: A Review

“…The transient receptor potential ankyrin-repeat 1 (TRPA1) is an important player in pain and inflammatory pathways [20][21][22]. It shows anti-inflammatory effects in experimental mice [23,24].…”

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“…A Esclerose Múltipla (EM), inicialmente descrita como esclerose em placas, foi oficialmente estabelecida como entidade clínico-patológica em 1868, pelo francês neurologista Jean Martin Charcot, associando as características clínicas da doença, as quais se baseiam em sintomas decorrentes da interação entre o órgão do indivíduo e alterações teciduais a partir da ativação do sistema imunológico, envolvendo vários sistemas biológicos e não só o sistema nervoso (TAUIL et al, 2019).…”