General aspects of multiple sclerosis and perspectives on disease prognosis

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis, a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, exhibits varying progression, characterized by relapses and remissions of symptoms. This study discusses its broad aspects, from epidemiology to prognosis. Utilizing a narrative review, recent data from platforms like PubMed, BVS, Scielo, and LILACS were compiled. The disease impacts patients significantly, often causing disability, especially among young adults. Classified into four clinical forms, therapies differ per patient based on their condition. These include corticosteroids, disease-modifying drugs, and symptom-specific treatments, aiming to improve quality of life. However, these treatments are costly, impacting patients and healthcare systems. Multiple sclerosis leads to cognitive and physical disabilities, imposing financial burdens for care. Recent studies offer hope for better interventions, but further research is essential for impactful treatments.