From Alpha to Omicron: How Different Variants of Concern of the SARS-Coronavirus-2 Impacted the World

Andre, Mickensone; Lau, Lee-Seng; Pokharel, Marissa D.; Ramelow, Julian; Owens, Florida; Souchak, Joseph; Akkaoui, Juliet; Ales, Evan; Brown, Harry; Shil, Rajib; Nazaire, Valeria; Manevski, Marko; Paul, Ngozi P.; Esteban-Lopez, Maria; Ceyhan, Yasemin; El-Hage, Nazira

doi:10.3390/biology12091267

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…The number of concerning new variants continued to grow until reaching the Omicron variant, which was the last to receive this type of name. Today, most circulating variants are descended from Omicron [ 111 ].…”

Section: Virus Classification and Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Review of the State of the Art in Research on the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and SARS-CoV-2, Scope of Knowledge between Coronaviruses

Rosas-Murrieta,

Rodríguez-Enríquez,

Herrera-Camacho

et al. 2024

Viruses

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This review presents comparative information corresponding to the progress in knowledge of some aspects of infection by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coronaviruses. PEDV is an alphacoronavirus of great economic importance due to the million-dollar losses it generates in the pig industry. PEDV has many similarities to the SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus that causes COVID-19 disease. This review presents possible scenarios for SARS-CoV-2 based on the collected literature on PEDV and the tools or strategies currently developed for SARS-CoV-2 that would be useful in PEDV research. The speed of the study of SARS-CoV-2 and the generation of strategies to control the pandemic was possible due to the knowledge derived from infections caused by other human coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS). Therefore, from the information obtained from several coronaviruses, the current and future behavior of SARS-CoV-2 could be inferred and, with the large amount of information on the virus that causes COVID-19, the study of PEDV could be improved and probably that of new emerging and re-emerging coronaviruses.

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Section: Virus Classification and Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Review of the State of the Art in Research on the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and SARS-CoV-2, Scope of Knowledge between Coronaviruses

Rosas-Murrieta,

Rodríguez-Enríquez,

Herrera-Camacho

et al. 2024

Viruses

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“…In July 2020, the first variant named EU2 (mutation S:447 N) was identified in western Europe, which showed an increased capability to infect ( 1 , 2 ). Subsequently, several variants of concerns (VOC) were identified such as B.1.1.7 (Alpha) in the UK (September 2020) ( 3 ), B.1.351 (Beta) in South Africa (December 2020) ( 4 ), P.1 (Gamma) in Brazil (January 2021) ( 5 ), and the B.1.617 (Delta) variant in India (January 2021) ( 6 ). It is notably evident that the mortality rate due to the COVID-19 disease surged in the countries where the newer variants were discovered ( 7–10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 vaccination: a global perspective

Singh,

Anand,

Rana

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread morbidity, mortality, and socio-economic disruptions worldwide. Vaccination has proven to be a crucial strategy in controlling the spread of the virus and mitigating its impact.ObjectiveThe study focuses on assessing the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing the incidence of positive cases, hospitalizations, and ICU admissions. The presented study is focused on the COVID-19 fully vaccinated population by considering the data from the first positive case reported until 20 September 2021.MethodsUsing data from multiple countries, time series analysis is deployed to investigate the variations in the COVID-19 positivity rates, hospitalization rates, and ICU requirements after successful vaccination campaigns at the country scale.ResultsAnalysis of the COVID-19 positivity rates revealed a substantial decline in countries with high pre-vaccination rates. Within 1–3 months of vaccination campaigns, these rates decreased by 20–44%. However, certain countries experienced an increase in positivity rates with the emergence of the new Delta variant, emphasizing the importance of ongoing monitoring and adaptable vaccination strategies. Similarly, the analysis of hospitalization rates demonstrated a steady decline as vaccination drive rates rose in various countries. Within 90 days of vaccination, several countries achieved hospitalization rates below 200 per million. However, a slight increase in hospitalizations was observed in some countries after 180 days of vaccination, underscoring the need for continued vigilance. Furthermore, the ICU patient rates decreased as vaccination rates increased across most countries. Within 120 days, several countries achieved an ICU patient rate of 20 per million, highlighting the effectiveness of vaccination in preventing severe cases requiring intensive care.ConclusionCOVID-19 vaccination has proven to be very much effective in reducing the incidence of cases, hospitalizations, and ICU admissions. However, ongoing surveillance, variant monitoring, and adaptive vaccination strategies are crucial for maximizing the benefits of vaccination and effectively controlling the spread of the virus.

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“…In November 2021, Botswana reported the first case of the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), known for its enhanced immune evasion. 1–3 It quickly spread to several other countries worldwide. Subsequently, due to Omicron's replication advantages and continued lineage evolution, subvariants emerged that were not only more transmissible but also more capable of evading antibodies, gradually replacing previous dominant sublineages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating mAbs binding abilities to Omicron subvariant RBDs: implications for selecting effective mAb therapies

Luo,

Xiong,

Tang

et al. 2024

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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From Alpha to Omicron: How Different Variants of Concern of the SARS-Coronavirus-2 Impacted the World

Cited by 24 publications

References 120 publications

Comparative Review of the State of the Art in Research on the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and SARS-CoV-2, Scope of Knowledge between Coronaviruses

Comparative Review of the State of the Art in Research on the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and SARS-CoV-2, Scope of Knowledge between Coronaviruses

Impact of COVID-19 vaccination: a global perspective

Evaluating mAbs binding abilities to Omicron subvariant RBDs: implications for selecting effective mAb therapies

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