Friedel-CraFts Alkylation Reaction Catalysts and Complexes

Brown, Herbert C.; Pearsall, Howard; Eddy, Lowell P.; Wallace, Willam J.; Grayson, Martin; Nelson, K. LeRoi

doi:10.1021/ie50523a032

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Applying the Stirling approximation to the factorials in the form n\ = nne~n\/2rn, and letting N -* <», c -* ooj and N/c = s, (the olefin-to-catalyst ratio) the resulting distribution function becomes Pn en~' Zs\ VO™ w (14) For a continuous polymerization stage (CFSTR), the distribution may be obtained from equation 14 by multiplying by e~a/s'/s' and integrating over s, where s' is the olefin-to-catalyst mole ratio. The result is P"' = s' + 1)"+1 (15) If the continuous stage is followed by a batch stage (semi-continuous method) the final distribution is where A = t(s + l)/s, t is the ratio of olefin-to-catalyst in the batch stage and s is the ratio of olefin to catalyst in the continuous stage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydride Transfer and the Molecular weight Distribution of Polypropylene

Fontana¹

1959

J. Phys. Chem.

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the same surface tension as the solvent, yields solubility values for the noble gases which agree with the measured values within an order of magnitude.Measurements in other solvents presently in progress at this Laboratory will be needed to test the usefulness of this correlation.Acknowledgments.-The authors are especially indebted to Dr. P. H. Emmett who first suggested to them the surface tension model used in the present correlation. Many interesting and valuable discussions with Drs. F. F. Blankenship and R. F. Newton are gratefully acknowledged. We are also grateful to Mr. W. D. Harman and associates who were responsible for mass-spectrometric analysis of the many samples submitted.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydride Transfer and the Molecular weight Distribution of Polypropylene

Fontana¹

1959

J. Phys. Chem.

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“…Eley and King ( 41) have assigned the formula, CeHeAlBrs, to the solid complex which they obtained, having an incongruent melting point of 37°C. The investigations of Brown and coworkers (20,23) indicate that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, their results establish that aluminum bromide exists in aromatic hydrocarbon complexes in dimeric form and there is a weak interaction between the electrons of the aromatic system and the ALBr,, which can be formulated This complex is similar to those which they also established for the alkyl homologs of benzene.…”

Section: Complexesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In a biennial review of this type, it is difficult to give proper emphasis to the importance of these contributions without reviewing the literature of the prior art. Several excellent theoretical review articles of the Friedel-Crafts reaction have been published (23,28,44)• The paper by Brown and coworkers (23) on reaction of alkyl halides with aromatic nuclei is particularly noteworthy since it contains important data hitherto unpublished.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Friedel-Crafts Reactions

Lacey¹

1954

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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During the past two years, Friedel-Crafts reactions have been a fertile field for research and have also produced notable commercial applications in the dyestuffs, intermediates, and polymer industries. Current research of a fundamental character has added to our knowledge of the groups in the isomerization niechamechanism of reaction and the function of intermediate complexes, particularly as applied to nism does not involve the formation isomerization, disproportionation, and alkylation. of a carbonium ion in the alkyl halide. For example, under the proper conditions for isomerization, with HE numerous and varied applications of the Friedel-Crafts either HAIBra or HBFl catalysts, n-propyl derivatives fail to give reactions, appearing in the literature in the past two years, any isopropyl compound. These changes are therefore Intra-

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“…A carbonium-ion mechanism will also explain the results, although there is considerable evidence which points to the operation of a con- certed bimolecular process (154). Brown considers the alkylation to be bimolecular for primary halides and to involve reaction of benzene with the undissociated alkyl halide-aluminum halide complex (15).…”

Section: Ah Lahsmentioning

confidence: 99%