Friction of rubber on ice in the presence of salt

Roberts, Alan D.; Lane, J. D.

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/16/3/011

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…While our discussion is focused on the substrate of snow, there may be factors of the polar bear paw pad that are specifically adapted to ice. Because seawater contains salt, its presence on the ice will change its adhesion [62] and friction [63] properties compared with pure water and ice. These factors may further complicate prediction of relative friction on ice.…”

Section: Discussion: Relevance To Contact Mechanics On Snowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polar bear paw pad surface roughness and its relevance to contact mechanics on snow

Orndorf

Garner

Dhinojwala

2022

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Microscopic papillae on polar bear paw pads are considered adaptations for increased friction on ice/snow, yet this assertion is based on a single study of one species. The lack of comparative data from species that exploit different habitats renders the ecomorphological associations of papillae unclear. Here, we quantify the surface roughness of the paw pads of four species of bear over five orders of magnitude by calculating their surface roughness power spectral density. We find that interspecific variation in papillae base diameter can be explained by paw pad width, but that polar bear paw pads have 1.5 times taller papillae and 1.3 times more true surface area than paw pads of the American black bear and brown bear. Based on friction experiments with three-dimensional printed model surfaces and snow, we conclude that these factors increase the frictional shear stress of the polar bear paw pad on snow by a factor of 1.3–1.5 compared with the other species. Absolute frictional forces, however, are estimated to be similar among species once paw pad area is accounted for, suggesting that taller papillae may compensate for frictional losses resulting from the relatively smaller paw pads of polar bears compared with their close relatives.

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Section: Discussion: Relevance To Contact Mechanics On Snowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polar bear paw pad surface roughness and its relevance to contact mechanics on snow

Orndorf

Garner

Dhinojwala

2022

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…Inorganic salts that are present in ice can influence rubber-ice friction behaviour. Roberts and Lane [17] have shown decreased friction for rubber on ice in temperature regimes where liquid is present along with ice (prior to sliding). Natural ice and snow contain impurities such as salts [18], and roads in winter may be deliberately salted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of ice wear from rubber–ice friction tests and its dependence on temperature and sliding velocity

Higgins

Marmo

Jeffree

et al. 2008

Wear

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A Review of Polymer Interfaces in Tyre Technology

1990

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The study of polymer interfaces is of prime importance in the field of tyre technology due to the critical role these contribute to tyre operation. The paper reviews the main polymer interfaces present in a t y r e g l ) tyre/road (tyre wear or abrasion; tyre traction/skid resistance); (2) polymer/filler (carbon black; silica): (3) polymer/cord (brass coated steel wire; textilcrayon, nylon, polyester, aramid); (4) compound/compound (tack); (5) tyrepair (oxygen/ozone protection)-with respect to the criteria required, physical and chemical, to achieve optimum performance.

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Friction of rubber on ice in the presence of salt

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Polar bear paw pad surface roughness and its relevance to contact mechanics on snow

Polar bear paw pad surface roughness and its relevance to contact mechanics on snow

Morphology of ice wear from rubber–ice friction tests and its dependence on temperature and sliding velocity

A Review of Polymer Interfaces in Tyre Technology

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