Abstract:A graphene sample supported on SiO2 with pristine and plasma-hydrogenated parts is investigated by friction force microscopy. An initial contrast in friction is apparent between the two regions. A tip induced cleaning of the surface in the course of continuous scanning results in a very clean surface accompanied with a reduction of the friction force by a factor of up to 4. The contamination is adhering stronger to hydrogenated regions, but once cleaned, the frictional behavior is the same on pristine and hydr… Show more
“…For hydrogenated graphene, the friction force is three times higher than for pristine graphene [65]. However, based on in situ cleaning with an AFM tip, Fessler et al attributed this to surface contamination [71]. Once cleaned, the frictional behavior became the same as for pristine graphene.…”
When material dimensions are reduced to the nanoscale, exceptional physical mechanics properties can be obtained that differ significantly from the corresponding bulk materials. Here we review the physical mechanics of the friction of low-dimensional nanomaterials, including zero-dimensional nanoparticles, onedimensional multiwalled nanotubes and nanowires, and two-dimensional nanomaterials-such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and transition-metal dichalcogenides-as well as topological insulators. Nanoparticles between solid surfaces can serve as rolling and sliding lubrication, while the interlayer friction of multiwalled nanotubes can be ultralow or significantly high and sensitive to interwall spacing and chirality matching, as well as the tube materials. The interwall friction can be several orders of magnitude higher in binary polarized h-BN tubes than in carbon nanotubes mainly because of wall buckling. Furthermore, current extensive studies on two-dimensional nanomaterials are comprehensively reviewed herein. In contrast to their bulk materials that serve as traditional dry lubricants (e.g., graphite, bulk h-BN, and MoS 2 ), large-area highquality monolayered two-dimensional nanomaterials can serve as single-atom-thick coatings that minimize friction and wear. In addition, by appropriately tuning the surface properties, these materials have shown great promise for creating energy-efficient self-powered electro-opto-magneto-mechanical nanosystems. State-of-theart experimental and theoretical methods to characterize friction in nanomaterials are also introduced.
“…For hydrogenated graphene, the friction force is three times higher than for pristine graphene [65]. However, based on in situ cleaning with an AFM tip, Fessler et al attributed this to surface contamination [71]. Once cleaned, the frictional behavior became the same as for pristine graphene.…”
When material dimensions are reduced to the nanoscale, exceptional physical mechanics properties can be obtained that differ significantly from the corresponding bulk materials. Here we review the physical mechanics of the friction of low-dimensional nanomaterials, including zero-dimensional nanoparticles, onedimensional multiwalled nanotubes and nanowires, and two-dimensional nanomaterials-such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and transition-metal dichalcogenides-as well as topological insulators. Nanoparticles between solid surfaces can serve as rolling and sliding lubrication, while the interlayer friction of multiwalled nanotubes can be ultralow or significantly high and sensitive to interwall spacing and chirality matching, as well as the tube materials. The interwall friction can be several orders of magnitude higher in binary polarized h-BN tubes than in carbon nanotubes mainly because of wall buckling. Furthermore, current extensive studies on two-dimensional nanomaterials are comprehensively reviewed herein. In contrast to their bulk materials that serve as traditional dry lubricants (e.g., graphite, bulk h-BN, and MoS 2 ), large-area highquality monolayered two-dimensional nanomaterials can serve as single-atom-thick coatings that minimize friction and wear. In addition, by appropriately tuning the surface properties, these materials have shown great promise for creating energy-efficient self-powered electro-opto-magneto-mechanical nanosystems. State-of-theart experimental and theoretical methods to characterize friction in nanomaterials are also introduced.
“…The normal force was set to be 20 nN, referring to other groups. [20][21][22][23] A specic area was scanned several times with a rate of 0.2 Hz, and residue was mechanically pushed to the sides (Fig. 1).…”
Section: Afm Cleaningmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…8 Aer transfer, PMMA cannot be removed completely, and the residue of PMMA degrades intrinsic electric and optical properties of 2D materials. [9][10][11][12] To address this issue, solutions such as annealing, [13][14][15][16][17] chemicals, 14 current-induced 18,19 atomic force microscope (AFM) cleaning, [20][21][22][23] rubbing cloth to induce electrostatic force, 24 inductively coupled plasma, 25 stencil mask patterning, 26,27 andCO 2 cluster 28 are usually employed.…”
“…AFM based nanoindentation and force-distance measurements were 15 employed to study elastic properties of graphene [1,20,21,22] and van der Waals screening [10], while frictional properties [23,24,25,26,27,28] and friction and wear protection [7,29,30] were characterized using the lateral (friction) force microscopy. Strong mechanical interaction between AFM probe and graphene was employed for the graphene patterning based on either static (scratching) 20 [31,32] or dynamic plowing [33].…”
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