FRET-based method for evaluation of the efficiency of reversible and irreversible sonoporation

Abstract

It is widely known that not all of the treated cells survive after introduction of exogenous molecules via any physical method. Therefore, it is important to develop methods that would allow simultaneous evaluation of both molecular delivery efficiency and cell viability. This study presents Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based method that allows molecular transfer and cell viability evaluation in a single measurement by employing two common fluorescent dyes, namely, ethidium bromide and trypan blue. The method has been validated using cell sonoporation. The FRET-based method allows the efficiency evaluation of both reversible and irreversible sonoporation in a single experiment. Therefore, this method could be used to reduce time, labor, and material cost while improving the accuracy of evaluations.

Design and applications of miniaturized, portable LED based colorimeter

“…Colorimetry and spectrophotometry are widely used in analytical sciences [20]. Such techniques can be applied investigating specific compounds and determining special classes of chemical substances such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, enzymatic activities, sonoporation and electroporation efficiency [15,[21][22][23]. Different works related to designing miniaturized light absorbance, or fluorescence detectors, are mainly focused on the light source instead of the light sensors [24][25][26][27].…”