Fresh porcine cardiac valves are not rejected in primates

Chen, Raymond H.; Kadner, Alexander; Mitchell, Richard N.; Adams, David H.

doi:10.1067/mtc.2000.106526

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…First, we analyzed the presence of the α‐Gal‐epitope on unfixed and formaldehyde‐fixed porcine cardiac valve leaflets. Sections were double‐labelled with IB4, a lectin binding specifically to α‐Gal [16], and with an antibody against vWF staining endothelial cells [17]. We observed IB4‐positive cells lying within the connective tissue of the valves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha‐Gal on bioprostheses: xenograft immune response in cardiac surgery

Konakci

Bohle

Blumer

et al. 2005

Eur J Clin Investigation

211

188

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha‐Gal on bioprostheses: xenograft immune response in cardiac surgery

Konakci

Bohle

Blumer

et al. 2005

Eur J Clin Investigation

211

188

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show abstract

“…27 In one study hyperacute rejection was induced by transplantation of porcine hearts in baboons and thereafter the porcine heart valves of the rejected organs were examined regarding to ␣-Gal expression and immunological reaction. 28 . The investigators found extensive ␣-Gal expression in the microvascular endothelium but not in the aortic or pulmonary valves.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Presence and Elimination of the Xenoantigen Gal (α1, 3) Gal in Tissue-Engineered Heart Valves

et al. 2005

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A rapid and sensitive method for protein determination (0.5-16 micrograms) in samples of any volume containing various surfactants in concentration up to 1% is suggested. The method includes the protein acid denaturation, the solution of acid insoluble precipitate of detergent in ethanol (25-30%), the protein determination on nitrocellulose filter, dyeing by aminoblack 10 B, elution of dyed complex and colorimetric determination at 630 nm.

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“…Although immunologically nontreated xenogenic valves have not been considered a possible valve substitute because of possible rejection, the effect of actual immune responses and the magnitude of these immune responses remain unknown. Recently, an observation was made that cardiac valves were entirely spared despite extensive hyperacute organ damage in an experimental xenotransplantation model (9). Different gene expressions in cardiac valves and larger vessels were postulated as a cause (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time‐related Histopathologic Analyses of Immunologically Untreated Porcine Valved Conduits Implanted in a Porcine‐to‐Goat Model

Kim¹,

Sung

Seo

2007

Artificial Organs

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This study was performed to evaluate the clinical feasibility of use of immunologically nontreated xenogenic valves, using a porcine-to-goat pulmonary valved conduit implantation model. Porcine pulmonary valve conduits were prepared with no specific immunological treatment and implanted in the right ventricular outflow tract of goats under cardiopulmonary bypass. The goats were assigned at predetermined intervals (1 day, 1 week, and 3, 6, and 12 months) as two animals for each interval. Echocardiographic examinations of the valves were performed before sacrifice. Upon retrieving the xenograft specimens, they were inspected visually and microscopically. Ten of the 12 animals survived the predetermined observation periods. Variable degrees of pulmonary regurgitation were the main findings on echocardiographic evaluations. On gross examination of the explanted specimens, all leaflets, except in one animal that prematurely died, were fairly well preserved. They were slightly shortened but free of thrombosis or vegetation. Aneurysmal dilatations of the anterior wall of the implanted pulmonary artery were observed in one of 12-month-survival animals and in another one of 3-month-survival animals. Microscopically, the three components of implanted xenografts (the pulmonary artery, valve, and infundibulum) were shown to be gradually replaced with host cells in time, while maintaining structural integrity. The nuclei of the donor tissue disappeared through pyknosis and karyolysis. In conclusion, immnunologically untreated xenogenic pulmonary valved conduits can be an alternative potential as valve substitutes with distinctive advantages of providing self-healing potential, despite a few problems observed in the current study such as occurrences of pulmonary regurgitation and sporadic cases of aortic aneurysm.

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Fresh porcine cardiac valves are not rejected in primates

Abstract: The absence of galactose alpha-1,3-galactose expression may protect unfixed porcine valves from xenograft rejection in primates. Further investigation of viable porcine valves appears warranted.

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Alpha‐Gal on bioprostheses: xenograft immune response in cardiac surgery

Alpha‐Gal on bioprostheses: xenograft immune response in cardiac surgery

Presence and Elimination of the Xenoantigen Gal (α1, 3) Gal in Tissue-Engineered Heart Valves

Time‐related Histopathologic Analyses of Immunologically Untreated Porcine Valved Conduits Implanted in a Porcine‐to‐Goat Model

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