Alpha‐Gal on bioprostheses: xenograft immune response in cardiac surgery

Konakci, Kadriye Zeynep; Bohle, Barbara; Blumer, Roland; Hoetzenecker, Wolfram; Roth, Georg A.; Moser, Bernhard; Boltz-Nitulescu, G; Gorlitzer, Michael; Klepetko, Walter; Wolner, Ernst; Ankersmit, Hendrik Jan

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01441.x

Cited by 211 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Children have a more competent immune system [11], which is at least partly responsible for early structural valve deterioration in BHV, in them. The host IgM/IgG antibodies enter the valve matrix, followed by macrophage deposition on the surface of the valve, collagen breakdown and calcification of the BHV indicating the role of immune system in calcification [15]. …”

Section: Immune Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioprosthetic Heart Valves: Impact of Implantation on Biomaterials

2013

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Prosthetic heart valves are commonly used in the treatment of valvular heart disease. Mechanical valves are more durable than the bioprosthetic valves; however, the need for long-term anticoagulant therapy renders them unsuitable for some patient groups. In this paper we discuss the different types and models of bioprosthesis, and in particular, pericardial bioprosthesis. We also discuss the preimplantation preparation processes, as well as their postimplantation changes and modes of failure.

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Section: Immune Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioprosthetic Heart Valves: Impact of Implantation on Biomaterials

2013

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“…Noteworthy, the immune response against these xenogeneic residues has been recognized, together with the presence of nucleic acids materials, as an additional factor leading to tissue mineralization [32]. The amount of available and reactive alpha-Gal epitope evaluated in EP patch resulted in our investigation to be 15% higher than in commercially bovine heart valve substitute [35].…”

Section: Equine Pericardiummentioning

confidence: 92%

“…GLU treatment has been considered, for more than 30 years, as the standard chemical process able to ensure tissue biocompatibility, increasing mechanical strength and allowing sterilization and safe storage of heart valve bioprostheses. Unfortunately, GLU fixation does not provide the complete masking of all xenoantigens, in particular the alpha-Gal epitope [32,33], eliciting an anti-αGal specific IgM immunoresponse once the bioprosthetic substitute is implanted in humans [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatibility Evaluation Criteria for Novel Xenograft Materials: Distribution and Quantification of Remnant Nucleic Acid and Alpha-Gal Epitope

Naso¹,

Andrea²,

Iop³

2013

J Stem Cell Res Ther

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Objective: Commercially decellularized xenogeneic scaffolds are currently employed as for the healing of diseased tissues. Strangely enough their use is permitted even in absence of any assessment of the elimination of xenogeneic cell material, as the alpha-Gal epitopes. In addition, the decellularization procedures are not monitored to prove the elimination of the calcific potential associated to the nucleic acids remnants. The currently treatment with glutaraldehyde is unable to grant a complete immuno-tolerance of implanted xenogeneic tissues, reducing but not eliminating the immunogenicity particularly for the alpha-Gal epitope (the major hindrance for the success of xenotransplantation). Recently, our group has extensively reported studies focused on the evaluation of biocompatibility properties of xenogeneic tissues. In this report we are performing this investigation and nucleic acid detection to novel xenogeneic tissues that have shown very promising preclinical/clinical results in different areas of application. Methods:The alpha-Gal quantification was conducted by an ELISA test previously developed and patented by our research team which involves the use of the monoclonal anti apha-Gal antibody M86. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed for the visual distribution of both xenogeneic epitopes and nucleic acids residues. Finally for the total DNA quantification a commercially available kit was adopted.Results: While the amount and distribution of the alpha-Gal epitopes was found different between the investigated biomaterials, the presence of nucleic acid remnants has been revealed as common feature, even in those tissues delivered as acellular by the manufacturer. Conclusion:Insufficient quantitative evaluations performed at preclinical level about the residual content of xenogeneic epitopes, detergents and nucleic acid materials in scaffolds have led to disappointing and disastrous results. The risk of these dramatic accidents reoccurring remains very high unless safety parameters, among which the complete removal of major xenogeneic determinants (alpha-Gal) and calcification-prone nucleic acid residues, are identified and introduced in manufacturing practices.

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“…The increased expression of a number of these proteins in milk may improve growth, development, health and survivability of the developing offspring. Some of these factors are insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-) and lactoferrin [29][30][31] . Now, it is also possible to produce antibodies in the mammary gland that are capable of preventing mastitis in cattle, sheep and goats and MMA (mastitis-metritisagalactia) in pigs and/or antibodies that aid in the prevention of domestic animal or human diseases.…”

Section: Milk Quality and Quantity Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically Engineered Animals and their Intended Uses in Day to Day Life

Singh¹,

Sachan²

2015

Science International

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Background:Genetically engineering is an integral approach to the development of new diagnostic techniques, drugs for human and animal diseases, foods for human health, development of tissues and cells for xenotransplantation. The components of vaccine for disease control and nutraceuticals for human health by altering the food components or by introducing the health provide proteins, peptides and other components may be the integral part of human life in coming days. Genetically engineered animals also offer significant human health and environmental benefits, livestock becomes more efficient for converting feed to animal protein and reducing waste production. Finally, genetic engineering will improve the welfare of animals by imparting resistance to disease and enhancing overall health and well being. Objective: This study reviews the basics of genetic engineering and their scope in various fields of life. Conclusion:The need is to commercialize the technology by the authentication on science based formulations. The judicial approaches and validation of the technologies by removing the myths related to the technology are some other issues must be handled properly.

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Alpha‐Gal on bioprostheses: xenograft immune response in cardiac surgery

Cited by 211 publications

References 19 publications

Bioprosthetic Heart Valves: Impact of Implantation on Biomaterials

Bioprosthetic Heart Valves: Impact of Implantation on Biomaterials

Biocompatibility Evaluation Criteria for Novel Xenograft Materials: Distribution and Quantification of Remnant Nucleic Acid and Alpha-Gal Epitope

Genetically Engineered Animals and their Intended Uses in Day to Day Life

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