Fresh cortical autograft versus fresh cortical allograft effects on experimental bone healing in rabbits: radiological, Histopathological and Biomechanical evaluation

Abstract

Bone grafting is used to enhance healing in osteotomies, arthrodesis, and multifragmentary fractures and to replace bony loss resulting from neoplasia or cysts. They are source of osteoprogenitor cells and induce bone formation and provide mechanical support for vascular and bone ingrowth. Autografts are used commonly but quantity of harvested bone is limit. This study was designed to evaluate fresh cortical autograft and allograft effects on bone healing process. Twenty male White New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. In autograft group the defect was filled by fresh autogenous cortical graft, in allograft group the defect was filled by a segment of fresh allogenous cortical bone which was harvested at the time of surgery during the creation of radius bone defect. Then all surface soft tissue, such as muscle attachments, were removed from the harvested bone and changed between rabbits as a fresh allogenous cortical bone graft and was fixed by cercelage wire. Radiological, histopathological and biomechanical evaluations were performed blindly and results scored and analyzed statistically. Statistical tests did not support significant differences between two groups at the 14th and 56th postoperative day radiographically (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference radiologically for the 28th and the 42nd postoperative (P < 0.05). Autograft was superior to allograft at the 28th and 42nd postoperative day in radiological evaluation (P < 0.03). Histopathological and biomechanical evaluation revealed no significant differences between two groups.

Evaluation of safety and efficacy of radiation-sterilized bone allografts in reconstructive oral surgery

“…Clinical data obtained during long-term follow-up indicated that allograft surgical procedures were equivalent or superior to autograft transplantation (Shafiei et al 2009). …”

Current Progress in Bioactive Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Repair and Regeneration

“…For example, the amount of donor tissue available and complications at the donor site are limiting factors for autogenous bone grafting. In the case of allogeneic bone grafts, cell-mediated immune responses and pathogen transfer can be problematic [6]. Besides, metal materials, inorganic nonmetallic materials and organic materials have been used for bone repair with the development of medicine, biology and materials science.…”

Present Strategies for Critical Bone Defects Regeneration

“…Bone healing is not sufficient in large bone defects and may be complicated. Under these circumstances, the autografts are the most popular method for bone replacement [4][5][6]. In some instances, autografts cannot be used for filling such large defects.…”