Current Progress in Bioactive Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Repair and Regeneration

Abstract

Bioactive ceramics have received great attention in the past decades owing to their success in stimulating cell proliferation, differentiation and bone tissue regeneration. They can react and form chemical bonds with cells and tissues in human body. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the application of bioactive ceramics for bone repair and regeneration. The review systematically summarizes the types and characters of bioactive ceramics, the fabrication methods for nanostructure and hierarchically porous structure, typical toughness methods for ceramic scaffold and corresponding mechanisms such as fiber toughness, whisker toughness and particle toughness. Moreover, greater insights into the mechanisms of interaction between ceramics and cells are provided, as well as the development of ceramic-based composite materials. The development and challenges of bioactive ceramics are also discussed from the perspective of bone repair and regeneration.

3D printed porous β-Ca2SiO4scaffolds derived from preceramic resin and their physicochemical and biological properties

“…On the other hand, the pH value of culture environment affects the cell’s behaviors and a much higher or lower pH value is harmful. Previous studies showed that a more stable pH value can stimulate metabolic activity, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts [54,55]. In this study, the β-Ca 2 SiO 4 scaffolds sintered at 1200 °C induced a more stable microenvironment, which might contribute the enhanced proliferation and differentiation of rBMSCs.…”

Survey of Current and Prospective Approaches in Bone Grafting Technology

“…While each will be surveyed individually below, it should be noted that many strategies employ a combination of these materials-termed "composites" or "hybrids" -in an attempt to mitigate their individual limitations. For more comprehensive information on this topic, the reader is directed to several extensive reviews of bone scaffold materials and the biomechanical/biophysical constraints thereof [14][15][16].…”

Preparation of fibrous hydroxyapatite particles by homogeneous precipitation and microwave-assisted hydrothermal heating

“…A hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 : HAp) possesses bone regenerative and biodegradable characteristics 1,2 , and it may be applied to the drug carriers 3,4 and scaffold 1,5 . Previously, HAp has been prepared by many chemical routes 6 .…”