Frequency Response Study for a Ramped Field Induced Mass Transport Phenomenon

Ghosh, Swapnendu Narayan; Sarkar, Debjit De; Sashtri, Vijeyendra; Abraham, Ebinesh; Talukder, Santanu

doi:10.1109/ipfa49335.2020.9261017

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Thus the net force, F net working to advance the flow, is the sum of the electromigration forces with the negative viscous force. The negative sign is present to denote that the viscous force opposes the flow of the liquid material [13].…”

Section: Driving Force For Materials Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The entire reaction is dependent on the availability of air, as these phenomena are not observed when the experiment is carried out in a vacuum (1 mbar) [12]. Compared to solid electromigration, this liquid-state material transport phenomenon is incredibly rapid, and the extent of the flow is dependent on the applied field and thus the current density [10,11,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinematics and kinetics of alternating electric field induced liquid mass transport on chromium thin films

et al. 2021

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Long range mass transport driven by an electric field has many applications in the fields of nanoscience and technology. Liquid-phase mass transport ranging from the micrometer to the millimeter scale and its application to nanopatterning have been demonstrated on chromium (Cr) thin films using a DC electric field. Under the influence of an electric field, the metal seems to undergo a chemical reaction, and the resulting liquid material flows out radially in all directions. In this study, we have explored the effect of an alternating (AC) electric field on this kind of liquid-phase material transport. Within the scope of this work, mass transport has been studied on Cr films 30 nm thick using an alternating square waveform with frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 1000 Hz in steps of 50 Hz. The dependence of the material’s formation, flow distance, and flow velocity on frequency, for a constant applied root mean square (RMS) voltage, was studied in detail. An analytical model is presented to explain the experimental results. This study, in particular the frequency parameter and the intermittent nature of the applied bias, will help us get a better control over the mass flow process, will lead to better resolutions for the electrolithography process.

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Section: Driving Force For Materials Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematics and kinetics of alternating electric field induced liquid mass transport on chromium thin films

et al. 2021

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“…The said liquid material formation process has been demonstrated under the effect of both unidirectional and alternating electric fields [14][15][16][17][18]. When using an alternating electric field, the spread of the liquid domain is much more expansive and steadier [16][17][18]. The frequency and other parameters of the applied electric field also play a major role in the process and the most aggressive liquid material formation was observed when a 250 Hz alternating electric field was applied [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above-mentioned liquid material formation takes place only in the presence of the applied electric field and stops once the electric field is removed, with the formed material turning into a solid and losing all its liquid components, within a few minutes. The said liquid material formation process has been demonstrated under the effect of both unidirectional and alternating electric fields [14][15][16][17][18]. When using an alternating electric field, the spread of the liquid domain is much more expansive and steadier [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decrypting the thermal effects on the electric field-induced material formation process on Cr thin films

Ghosh,

Talukder

2023

Phys. Scr.

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Controlled electrochemical reactions on chromium (Cr) thin films have been employed to create micro- and nano-scale patterns using a scanning probe-based patterning process called electrolithography (ELG). The electrochemical reaction produces a liquid material. The ELG process, being a local anodic oxidation-based technique, is significantly affected by several factors, including various ambient conditions. In this article, we explore the effects of temperature on the said electrochemical reaction-induced liquid material formation process. Keeping other ambient conditions constant, the temperature is varied over a large range, and we observe that a 40 °C change in temperature results in a 20-time change in the radial spread of the liquid region. This observation is thereafter explained by the effect of temperature on three different parameters affecting the rate of electrochemical reaction. Thus, based on this study, we can say that temperature is one of the most crucial parameters which can be used to confine the lateral spread of the formed liquid region and thereby improve the resolution of the patterns created using the ELG technique.

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“…The electrochemical reaction-based liquefaction process of electrically stressed Cr thin-films has been studied and is known to be affected by different electrical parameters, namely the level of applied electric stress, or the magnitude of the voltage bias applied between the two probes [18]. If an AC signal is applied in between the two probes, the frequency of the applied signal also affects the rate and extent of liquid material formation [24,25]. Focusing on the effect of ambient conditions on the said phenomenon, temperature and pressure has been studied to affect the process significantly [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humidity- tunable liquefaction of Cr thin-film and its application to patterning

Ghosh¹,

Talukder²

2022

Nanotechnology

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Electric field induced liquefaction of chromium (Cr) thin-films, being a surface-based process, is affected by the moisture content in the surroundings. The said process is an electrochemical reaction, which takes place on an electrically stressed Cr thin-film. The reaction results in a liquid region, which flows out radially from the tip of the cathode. A proper understanding of the phenomenon is warranted as it is applied for performing a nanolithography process, electrolithography (ELG). In this study we have focused on the effect of relative humidity (RH) on the material formation and transport on electrically stressed Cr thin-film. Varying the RH over a wide range, the phenomenon is studied using different levels of DC stress. The effect of the applied DC stress coupled with varying levels of RH showed trends which are explained qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicate that RH could be a pivotal parameter affecting the above-mentioned phenomenon on electrically stressed Cr thin-films and could significantly alter the minimum feature size attainable by ELG. To demonstrate the effect of RH on ELG, lines were drawn at various humidity levels resulting in greater than 100% increase in the attainable line width when RH was increased by about 40%.

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Frequency Response Study for a Ramped Field Induced Mass Transport Phenomenon

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Kinematics and kinetics of alternating electric field induced liquid mass transport on chromium thin films

Kinematics and kinetics of alternating electric field induced liquid mass transport on chromium thin films

Decrypting the thermal effects on the electric field-induced material formation process on Cr thin films

Humidity- tunable liquefaction of Cr thin-film and its application to patterning

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