Frequency Response of Synchronous Generators and Battery Energy Storage Systems: A Comparative Study

Amin, Ruhul; Negnevitsky, M; Franklin, Evan; Naderi, Seyed Behzad

doi:10.1109/aupec48547.2019.211850

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several studies in the literature have proven the effectiveness of BESSs in providing this service. Amin et al [38] compared the provision of FCR by synchronous generators and a BESS using mathematical equations of governors and turbines. The results obtained showed that BESSs can provide a faster and better response to frequency deviations than synchronous generators.…”

Section: Services Provided By Besss and Revenue Stackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Energy Storage System Performance in Providing Various Electricity Market Services

Jaffal,

Guanetti,

Rancilio

et al. 2024

Batteries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is one of the possible solutions to overcoming the non-programmability associated with these energy sources. The capabilities of BESSs to store a consistent amount of energy and to behave as a load by releasing it ensures an essential source of flexibility to the power system. Nevertheless, BESSs have some drawbacks that pose limitations to their utilization. Indeed, effectively managing the stored and released energy is crucial, considering the degradation of performance associated with these systems over time. The substantial capital expenditure (CAPEX) required to install these systems represents a current constraint, impeding their broader adoption. This work evaluates a techno-economic analysis of a 2MW/2MWh BESS providing multiple services, namely participating in capacity and balance markets. The analysis is based on a BESS model implemented in SIMULINK, adopting online data gathered from a Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) battery facility. The model evaluates the auxiliary power consumption, state-of-charge (SoC), state of health (SoH), and the round-trip efficiency (RTE) of the overall system. The analysis is based on three price profiles: 2019 (Business-As-Usual), 2020 (COVID-19), and 2022 (Gas Crisis). Furthermore, this work conducts a case study to analyze the behavior of the BESS. It entails a sensitivity analysis, specifically evaluating the influence of CAPEX and upward bid price on the economic viability of the project. The results show a strong relation between the CAPEX variation and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of the project.

show abstract

Section: Services Provided By Besss and Revenue Stackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Energy Storage System Performance in Providing Various Electricity Market Services

Jaffal,

Guanetti,

Rancilio

et al. 2024

Batteries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If the active power generation is higher than the load demand, the frequency increases above the nominal value and vice versa [14]- [16]. Increasing VG penetration in power grids while replacing conventional SGs increases the dynamic aspect of the power system due to decreased levels of system rotational inertia [17], [18]. In the event the generation side is lower than the net demand, the frequency evolves as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Preliminaries Of Power System Frequency Regulation 21 Conven...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving frequency regulation for future low inertia power grids: a review

Wamukoya,

Muriithi,

Kaberere

2024

Bulletin EEI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The modern power system is witnessing an unprecedented increase in the penetration of renewable variable generation (VG) sources. Increased uptake of converter interfaced VG like solar PV and wind power while replacing conventional synchronous generators (SGs) introduces new challenges to grid operators in terms of dynamically handling frequency stability and regulation. Reducing the number of SGs while increasing non-synchronous, inertia-less converter interfaced VG reduces grid natural inertia, which is critical for maintaining frequency stability. To cure inertia deficiency, researchers, broadly, have proposed implementing supplemental control strategies to VG sources or energy storage systems to emulate natural inertia (virtual inertia (VI)). Alternatively, VG sources can be operated below their maximum power point (deloaded mode), making available a reserve margin which can rapidly be deployed in case of a contingency with the help of power electronic devices, to provide fast frequency response. This paper reviews recent solutions proposed in literature to address the low inertia problem to improve frequency stability. Additionally, it highlights the formulation of an optimization problem for VI sizing and placement as well as techniques applied in solving the optimization problem. Finally, gaps in literature that require further research were identified

show abstract

“…In this study, we used our power system model to investigate the PFC response from SGs and RE NSGS in the QLD power system after the separation event and under a range of future scenarios. For this purpose, simplified mathematical models of a conventional governor and turbine were used, representing conventional synchronous generator frequency control, and described by Amin et al [11]. The inertia is defined as stored kinetic energy in watt-second ( 1 2 J ω 2 ); in the QLD power system it was 26,800 MWs at the time of separation [24].…”

Section: Lumped System Model and Separation Event Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A droop-type, lead-lag controlled BESSs is proposed by Datta et al [6] to provide additional damping of the system with around 18% PV penetration while satisfying the NEM regulatory requirements. Amin et al [11] presented a comparison of power system frequency response is presented for a simplified power system with primary frequency control (PFC) being provided by either synchronous generators or BESS. Amin et al [11] demonstrated that BESS enabled for PFC is capable of eliminating frequency undershoot and reducing settling time by 70%, after a major contingency event in a power system containing various types of conventional generation technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amin et al [11] presented a comparison of power system frequency response is presented for a simplified power system with primary frequency control (PFC) being provided by either synchronous generators or BESS. Amin et al [11] demonstrated that BESS enabled for PFC is capable of eliminating frequency undershoot and reducing settling time by 70%, after a major contingency event in a power system containing various types of conventional generation technologies. In this work, we provide a systematic analysis of the performance of droop-controlled BESS in power systems with high and very high RE NSGS penetration, by assessing system frequency response as a function of BESS capacity and droop characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Application of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Primary Frequency Control in Power Systems with High Renewable Energy Penetration

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In power systems, high renewable energy penetration generally results in conventional synchronous generators being displaced. Hence, the power system inertia reduces, thus causing a larger frequency deviation when an imbalance between load and generation occurs, and thus potential system instability. The problem associated with this increase in the system’s dynamic response can be addressed by various means, for example, flywheels, supercapacitors, and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). This paper investigates the application of BESSs for primary frequency control in power systems with very high penetration of renewable energy, and consequently, low levels of synchronous generation. By re-creating a major Australian power system separation event and then subsequently simulating the event under low inertia conditions but with BESSs providing frequency support, it has been demonstrated that a droop-controlled BESS can greatly improve frequency response, producing both faster reaction and smaller frequency deviation. Furthermore, it is shown via detailed investigation how factors such as available battery capacity and droop coefficient impact the system frequency response characteristics, providing guidance on how best to mitigate the impact of future synchronous generator retirements. It is intended that this analysis could be beneficial in determining the optimal BESS capacity and droop value to manage the potential frequency stability risks for a future power system with high renewable energy penetrations.

show abstract

Frequency Response of Synchronous Generators and Battery Energy Storage Systems: A Comparative Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Battery Energy Storage System Performance in Providing Various Electricity Market Services

Battery Energy Storage System Performance in Providing Various Electricity Market Services

Improving frequency regulation for future low inertia power grids: a review

Application of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Primary Frequency Control in Power Systems with High Renewable Energy Penetration

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About