Frequency of Risk Factors Leading to Acute Respiratory Infections Among Children Under Two Year’s Age and their Gender and Age Wise Comparison

Abstract

OBJECTIVETo determine the frequency of different risk factors leading to Acute Respiratory Infections among children under two yearsTo determine the most susceptible age group and to compare frequency of disease in both gendersMETHODOLOGYStudy design was cross sectional observational. Duration of the study was three months (September – November 2014. Study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar namely Khyber Teaching hospital & Hayatabad Medical Complex. A total of 200 children under 2 years of age who were attending outpatient department of two tertiary hospitals of Peshawar were studied. After getting consent from parents of children, data was collected from parents. A semi structured questionnaire was used as study tool. Pilot study was conducted prior to the actual study to check the feasibility of questionnaire. Children with acute respiratory tract infections were included in the study while immune compromised and children with other serious systemic diseases were excluded from the study Data was presented in the form of tables and graphs.RESULTSFrequency of acute respiratory infections was common among males (65%) as compare to female children under two year of age. The most susceptible age group was found to be less than 06 months (46%), then is 7-12 months (33%). Environmental risk factors found to be involved in cases of ARI were poverty (73.5%), rural residency with poor cross ventilation in houses (poor or no cross ventilation 66%), no or partial immunization was 35% with malnutrition of sick children 76% may contribute to development of illness more quickly than other children. Illiteracy among mothers (78%) and 39% among fathersCONCLUSIONSARI is more common in infants less than 6 months of age and males are more affected as compared to female children. Poor socioeconomic status, Illiteracy, poor or no cross ventilation in houses, poor immunization status and malnutrition are the key risk factors.

Spatial modelling of acute respitory infection with environmental health factors in Gowa Regency, Indonesia

“…Faktor risiko ISPA dapat dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal yaitu kondisi dalam diri pasien yang membuat individu lebih mudah terpapar agen penyakit ISPA yang meliputi jenis kelamin (Musa et al, 2016), berat badan lahir (Chandrawati & Alhabsyi, 2017), status menyusui (Narmawan et al, 2020), dan status imunisasi (Khodr et al, 2017). Faktor eksternal adalah kondisi yang berada di luar pasien berupa lingkungan fisik (Barros & Yudhana, 2019), biologis (Kurskaya, et al, 2018), sosial (Harerimana, 2016), dan ekonomi (Halder et al, 2017) yang memudahkan mereka terpapar agen penyakit, antara lain: pencemaran asap rokok (Tazinya et al, 2018), kebersihan rumah (Ratnaningsih & Lusiana, 2020), kepadatan tempat tinggal (Nugroho, 2018), kondisi geografis (Barnes et al, 2019), kondisi ven-tilasi (Zhu et al, 2020), lubang asap dapur serta kondisi ruang tidur (Zulaikhah et al, 2017 Barnes, R., Blyth, C. C., De Klerk, N., Lee, W. H., Borland, M. L., Richmond, P., Lim, F. J., Fathima, P., & Moore, H. C. (2019).…”