Frequency of parenteral exposure and seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV among operation room personnel

Mujeeb, Syed Abdul; Khatri, Y.; Khanani, Rafique

doi:10.1016/s0195-6701(98)90066-4

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Inadvertent needle stick injuries and lack of application of universal precautions may be contributing factors. About 80% of HCV positive surgical operation room personnel in a hospital in Pakistan had more than four needle stick injuries per year in five years (17). In one Pakistani community HCV prevalence was 6.5% and individuals who received more therapeutic injections were found to be at a higher risk for infection (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Relation to Its Promotive Factors among Human Urban Population of Multan, Pakistan

et al. 2009

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Relation to Its Promotive Factors among Human Urban Population of Multan, Pakistan

et al. 2009

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“…Hamid et al [63] reported that recapping of syringes is the key factor for receiving needle stick injuries in health care workers and that transmission of HCV by needle stick injury ranges from 2% to 10%. Two different reports showed an HCV percent prevalence of 5.2% ± 0.63% in health care workers [64,65] .…”

Section: Health Care Workersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus in Pakistan: A systematic review ofprevalence, genotypes and risk factors

Waheed¹,

Shafi²,

Safi³

et al. 2009

WJG

177

168

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In Pakistan more than 10 million people are living with Hepatitis C virus (HCV), with high morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the prevalence, genotypes and factors associated with HCV infection in the Pakistani population. A literature search was performed by using the keywords; HCV prevalence, genotypes and risk factors in a Pakistani population, in Pubmed, PakMediNet and Google scholar. Ninetyone different studies dating from 1994 to May 2009 were included in this study, and weighted mean and standard error of each population group was calculated. Percentage prevalence of HCV was 4.95% ± 0.53% in the general adult population, 1.72% ± 0.24% in the pediatric population and 3.64% ± 0.31% in a young population applying for recruitment, whereas a very high 57% ± 17.7% prevalence was observed in injecting drug users and 48.67% ± 1.75% in a multitransfused population. Most prevalent genotype of HCV was 3a. HCV prevalence was moderate in the general population but very high in injecting drug users and multi-transfused populations. This data suggests that the major contributing factors towards increased HCV prevalence include unchecked blood transfusions and reuse of injection syringes. Awareness programs are required to decrease the future burden of HCV in the Pakistani population.

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“…17 In one Pakistani community, HCV seroprevalence was 6.5%, and individuals who received more therapeutic injections were found to be at a higher risk of infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…15 About 80% of HCVpositive surgical operation room personnel in a hospital in Pakistan had more than four needle-stick injuries per year in five years. 17 In one Pakistani community, HCV seroprevalence was 6.5%, and individuals who received more therapeutic injections were found to be at a higher risk of infection. 18 Data on the natural history of HCV is limited because the onset of infection is often unrecognized, and the early course of disease is indolent and protracted in most individuals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Among Orthopedic Trainee Surgeons in Pakistan

et al. 2000

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the major causative agent of non-A and non-B hepatitis, poses a serious worldwide health problem. An estimated 100 million individuals worldwide are chronically infected with HCV. High prevalence rates have been found in Southeast Asian countries, such as Thailand, Malaysia and India.1-3 Hepatitis C is the most common chronic blood-borne infection in the U.S. 4 In Pakistan, the seroprevalence of HCV is 6.7% in women and 1.3% in children. Hepatitis C accounts for approximately 20% of cases of acute hepatitis, 70% of chronic hepatitis and 30% of end-stage liver disease in the U.S. 6The hepatitis C virus is a single-stranded RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family. Individual isolates consist of a closely related yet heterogeneous population of viral genomes (quasispecies). Probably as a consequence of this genetic diversity, HCV has the ability to escape the host's immune surveillance, leading to a high rate of chronic infection. The extensive genetic heterogeneity of HCV has important diagnostic and clinical implications, perhaps explaining the variation in clinical course, difficulties in vaccine development, and lack of response to therapy. 7HCV is generally transmitted by the parenteral route. It is also transmitted by needle-stick injuries, sexual contact, and vertically from mother to fetus.8 Hepatitis C exposure and antibody positivity rates among injection drug users have been reported to be higher than 50% compared to 10% in the same general population.9-12 Other known risk factors include ear piercing, acupuncture, tattoos, and cultural procedures involving blood contact. 13-15The use of inadequately sterilized undisposable medical materials, e.g., needles and scalpels, has also been shown to transmit HCV. 16There is some evidence of occupational and nosocomial transmission of HCV infection. Inadvertent needlestick injuries and lack of application of universal precautions may be contributing factors.15 About 80% of HCVpositive surgical operation room personnel in a hospital in Pakistan had more than four needle-stick injuries per year in five years. 17 In one Pakistani community, HCV seroprevalence was 6.5%, and individuals who received more therapeutic injections were found to be at a higher risk of infection. 18Data on the natural history of HCV is limited because the onset of infection is often unrecognized, and the early course of disease is indolent and protracted in most individuals.19 Approximately 60%-70% of HCV patients have no discernable symptoms, 20%-30% may have jaundice, and 10%-20% may have nonspecific symptoms (e.g., anorexia, malaise, or abdominal pain). About 75%-85% go on to develop chronic hepatitis. Research indicates that 10%-20% of chronically infected individuals are likely to develop cirrhosis over a period of 20-30 years, while 1%-5% may go on to develop hepatocellular carcinoma. Reports from Pakistan show that 22%-33% of biopsy-proven cases of hepatocellular carcinoma had HCV infection. 20,21The volume of epidemiological data concerning hepatitis C is smal...

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Frequency of parenteral exposure and seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV among operation room personnel

Cited by 43 publications

References 6 publications

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Relation to Its Promotive Factors among Human Urban Population of Multan, Pakistan

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Relation to Its Promotive Factors among Human Urban Population of Multan, Pakistan

Hepatitis C virus in Pakistan: A systematic review ofprevalence, genotypes and risk factors

Hepatitis C: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Among Orthopedic Trainee Surgeons in Pakistan

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