Frequency of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Patients Admitted with Acute Stroke

Ali, Rahmat; Khan, Muhammad Inam; Sultan, Muhammad Omer; Farooque, Umar; Hassan, Syed Adeel; Asghar, Fahham; Cheema, Omer; Karimi, Sundas; Hasan, Choudhary Ahmed; Farukhuddin, Fnu

doi:10.7759/cureus.8296

Cureus

2020

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8296

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Frequency of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Patients Admitted with Acute Stroke

Rahmat Ali¹,

Muhammad Inam Khan²,

Muhammad Omer Sultan³

et al.

Abstract: HIV with only gender (p=0.01) and dyslipidemia (p=0.037). ConclusionHIV infection in patients with stroke is not uncommon. Patients who are male, younger in age, have dyslipidemia, belong to a low socioeconomic class, or have a bad sexual history are more likely to have HIV as an underlying cause of stroke. The exact pathogenesis of such a stroke and the role of antiretroviral therapy in the prevention and treatment of this group of stroke are not completely understood and need further analysis.

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Cited by 2 publications

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Cenicriviroc prevents dysregulation of astrocyte/endothelial cross talk induced by ischemia and HIV-1 via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis

Fattakhov,

Ngo,

Torices

et al. 2024

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is one of the pathophysiological characteristics of ischemic stroke, which may contribute to the progression of brain tissue damage and subsequent neurological impairment. HIV-infected individuals are at greater risk for ischemic stroke due to diminished immune function and HIV-associated vasculopathy. Studies have shown that astrocytes are involved in maintaining BBB integrity and facilitating HIV-1 infection in the brain. The present study investigated whether targeting astrocyte-endothelial cell signaling with cenicriviroc (CVC), a dual CCR2 and CCR5 antagonist, may protect against dysregulation of cross talk between these cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) combined with HIV-1 infection. Permeability assay with 10 kDa FITC-dextran demonstrated that CVC alleviated endothelial barrier disruption in non-contact co-culture of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) with HIV-1-infected human astrocytes, and reversed downregulation of tight junction protein claudin-5 induced by OGD/R- and HIV-1. Moreover, CVC attenuated OGD/R- and HIV-1-triggered the upregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β secretion. Treatment with CVC also suppressed astrocyte pyroptosis by attenuating cleaved caspase-1 levels and the formation of cleaved N-terminal GSDMD (N-GSDMD). Secretome profiling revealed that CVC ameliorated secretion levels of chemokine CCL17, adhesion molecule ICAM-1, and T cell activation modulator TIM-3 by astrocytes synergistically induced by OGD/R and HIV-1. Overall, these results suggest that CVC contributes to restoring astrocyte-endothelial cross interactions in an astrocyte-dependent manner via protection against NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis.

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Cenicriviroc prevents dysregulation of astrocyte/endothelial cross talk induced by ischemia and HIV-1 via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis

Fattakhov,

Ngo,

Torices

et al. 2024

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Immune Reconstitution in Late-Presenting HIV-Positive a Case with Idiopathic Liver Cirrhosis and Ischemic Brain Stroke

Pakov

2023

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research

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Summary A patient diagnosed with late-presenting HIV infection [CD4 count 86 cells/mm3, viral load (VL) 95 000 copies RNA/mL], treated with DRV/c 800/150 mg (Rezolsta®) and TDF/FTC 200/245 mg, was hospitalized with ischemic brain stroke, confirmed by CT scan and MRI. Motor functions quickly recovered, but nausea, abdominal heaviness, ascites, and hepatosplenomegaly appeared. Laboratory investigations revealed anaemia, thrombocytopenia, normal transaminases, increased GGT and negative serological tests for HBV and HCV and she was diagnosed with Gastroenterologists diagnosed liver cirrhosis. After 20 days of hospital treatment, the patient recovered from the stroke and ascites but with persisting anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Liver cirrhosis had been confirmed, and relevant treatment had been administered. Six months later, an MRI of the brain revealed an improved image. Follow-up showed stabilized somatic and neurologic status, improved laboratory parameters, stable T-helper count and undetectable viral load (VL). ART regimen continued with Raltegravir 400 mg (Isentress®) 2×1 tablet/24 h, TDF/FTC 200/245 mg 1 tablet/24 h. Three months later, the patient continued her treatment continued abroad. The increased access to precise diagnosis and treatment with improved adherence has transformed the HIV-infection into a manageable chronic health condition, even in complicated cases.

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Frequency of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Patients Admitted with Acute Stroke

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Cenicriviroc prevents dysregulation of astrocyte/endothelial cross talk induced by ischemia and HIV-1 via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis

Cenicriviroc prevents dysregulation of astrocyte/endothelial cross talk induced by ischemia and HIV-1 via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis

Immune Reconstitution in Late-Presenting HIV-Positive a Case with Idiopathic Liver Cirrhosis and Ischemic Brain Stroke

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