Frequency of high-risk genotypes of human papilloma virus in oral lesions

Abstract

Some genotypes of the human papilloma virus (HPV) in the oral cavity cause genetic instability that may lead to cancer. Clinical and histological diagnoses are key tools; however, molecular techniques allow predicting, detecting and monitoring the disease. Objective: To identify the frequency of four high-risk HPV genotypes and their association with lesions in the oral cavity. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample of 48 patients diagnosed with hyperplastic lesions and others currently classified as potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) of the oral cavity, who underwent biopsies, histopathological analysis, and HPV16, 18, 31, and 45 detection and genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Epithelial hyperplasia was the most frequent lesion found in 45.8% (n=22) of patients. Nicotine palatinus and leukoplakia were found in 8.3% and 6.2%, respectively; oral cancer in 6.2%. The total frequency of HPV was 12.5% (6/48). Oral papilloma was found in 6.1% (3/48), and nicotine palatinus and oral cancer in 2.0% each (1/48). HPV16, HPV31, and HPV45 were detected, while HPV18 was not observed. HPV16 was the most frequent genotype found (4 out of 6 patients), while HPV31 and HPV45 were found in one patient each. Only one genotype per lesion was found. The presence of HPV was associated with lesions (χ 2 =11.810; p=0.0375). No significant association with age and gender was found. Conclusion: High-risk HPV continues to be present in oral lesions. The HPV16 viral genotype was the most frequent in the studied lesions.

Human papillomavirus and leukoplakia of the oral cavity: a systematic review

“…Among these 26 manuscripts, 13 were excluded due to not pertinent full text (11 studies with no OLK subdivision in a study group or no subdivided outcomes, even the number of OLK cases was known, 2 studies with no OLK). There were 6 articles with casecontrol studies [5][6][7][8][9][10], 7 articles with cross-sectional studies [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and no articles with cohort studies.…”

“…Dysplasia of leukoplakia was mentioned in 7 articles [5,7,9,11,14,16,17]. Four articles were excluded due to lack of HPV detected in some study or not-subdivid- There were limitations of some analysed studies associated with HPV-DNA detection: high risk of false outcomes due to non-quantitative PCR and PCR-product visualization on gel [5,7,8,13,14], and a very small group of OLK [6,10,13]. Due to the heterogeneity in the data presentation, a more relevant statistical analysis of these results was not possible, and the results were presented descriptively only with an estimation of the prevalence of HPV.…”