Frequency of Hepatitis B and C Viral Infection among the Medical Waste Handlers

Uddin, Mahamod Selim; Islam, Nazmul; Khan, Manzurul Haque; Yeasmin, Sabina; Ahmed, Faysal; Amiruzzaman, Md

doi:10.3329/bjid.v4i1.37673

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Commonly, medical waste handlers who are working in the collection, transportation, cleaning, and disposal of medical wastes are vulnerable to HBV, HCV, and HIV infection particularly in developing countries 14, 15 . According to previous reports, the medical waste handlers were infected by HBsAg (20.4%) in Ethiopia 1 , HBsAg (1.3%) and HCV (0.7%) in southern Ethiopia 16 , HBsAg (2.3%) and HCV (2.7%) in Tripoli, Libya 15 , 1.59% for HBsAg in Palestine 17 , 6.3% for HBV and 1% for HCV in Bangladesh 18 , and HIV (5%) in Africa 19 . A study conducted previously in Yemen on 388 public health center cleaners (PHCCs) by Al-Marrani and Al-Shamahy reported that HBV and HCV were detected in 32 (8.2%), and 4 (1.03%) of them respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Seroprevalence of the Viral Markers of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Hiv Among Medical Waste Handlers in Some Hospitals in Sana'a City- Yemen

Edrees

Alrahabi

et al. 2022

Univ J Pharm Res

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Background and Objective: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are highly contagious pathogens that threaten medical waste handlers who are highly exposed to these viruses due to the nature of their work. To date, little data is available on the prevalence of viral markers (HBV, HCV, and HIV) among medical waste handlers in Sana'a city, Yemen. Hence, this work was conducted to enhance knowledge of the prevalence of viral markers among medical waste handlers working in some hospitals in the capital, Sana'a. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted on 120 randomly selected medical waste handlers from January to June 2022. A pretested and designed questionnaire was used to collect the required data. Total 5mL of venous blood was collected. Then blood was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV, as well as HIV antibody, were detected using a qualitative by rapid test cassette and positive results were confirmed by ELIZA technique. Results: The overall positive rates for HBsAg, anti-HCV, and HIV were 9.17%, 5.0%, and 0.0%, respectively, based on the rapid test. No significant differences were detected between socio-demographic characteristics and hepatitis B and HCV infection. High rates of hepatitis B and C infection were found in the age group ≥41 years (9.17%) and 21-30 years (8.77%), respectively. These two viruses have also been detected among married people with a history of acute infection between 7-9 times. There was a significant correlation between HBsAg positivity and history of blood transfusion as well as between HBsAg and anti-HCV positivity and history of hepatitis B vaccination. ELISA confirmed that the rate of HBsAg was 4.17% and anti-HCV was 2.5%. Conclusion: Appropriate training, immunization against HBV, and regular motivation of medical waste handlers on the practices of universal standard precautions are recommended to reduce transmission of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and HIV among medical waste handlers. Peer Review History: Received: 4 May 2022; Revised: 14 June; Accepted: 27 June, Available online: 15 July 2022 Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, drmmziqbal@gmail.com UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewers: Rusmir Baljic, Clinic for infectious diseases, Clinical center University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. rusmir.baljic@gmail.com Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye Dr. Jucimary Vieira dos Santos, Hemonorte Dalton Barbosa Cunha, Brazil, jucimaryvieira@yahoo.com.br Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com Similar Articles: PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS, HEPATITIS B VIRUS, AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS, AMONG PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC JAUNDICE IN SANA’A CITY, YEMEN: A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY SERO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF HEPATITIS B, C, HIV AND TREPONEMA PALLIDUM AMONG BLOOD DONORS IN HODEIDA CITY- YEMEN EXPLOSION OF HEPATITIS B AND C VIRUSES AMONG HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AS A RESULT OF HEMODIALYSIS CRISIS IN YEMEN

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Seroprevalence of the Viral Markers of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Hiv Among Medical Waste Handlers in Some Hospitals in Sana'a City- Yemen

Edrees

Alrahabi

et al. 2022

Univ J Pharm Res

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“…WHO gives a prevalence rate of 1.0% for hepatitis C, with a previously reported increase from 2.3% to 2.8% between 1990 and 2005, according to the Global Burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors 2010 (26,27) . Many studies have revealed an increasing prevalence of hepatitis B amongst specific risk groups like medical waste handlers, blood donors, and reproductive age (5,28,29) . Amongst the developing world, a hand full of countries are exhibiting a gross decline in chronic viral infections prevalence, like Bangladesh is showing a decreasing trend of prevalence towards chronic viral infections, with rates of 0.2% to 0.7% in recent studies (30,31) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are chronic diseases with severe health complications and a worldwide prevalence of 248 million and 71 million respectively (1)(2)(3)(4) . Approximately more than 500 million individuals suffer from hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections rendering it a leading global health dilemma (5) . According to the World Health Organization (WHO) annual proportion of individuals suffering globally from hepatitis B infection is 2 billion (4,6) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the World Health Organization (WHO) annual proportion of individuals suffering globally from hepatitis B infection is 2 billion (4,6) . Hepatitis C depicted as a debilitating disease has an annual global proportion of 3-4 million individuals suffering from it (5,7) . The global prevalence rate of death according to the WHO recorded for hepatitis B is 0.6 million (6)(7)(8) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Cross-Sectional Screening Survey on the Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Amongst the General Population of Rural Districts of Sindh, Pakistan

Asghar

Rasheed

Hassan

et al. 2021

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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BACKGROUND: Viral hepatitis is a global phenomenon, with the disease burden varying on a daily basis. Amongst chronic infections, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are egregiously linked to severe health-related complications, with a worldwide prevalence of 248 million and 71 million respectively. Amongst the developing world, a hand full of countries are exhibiting a gross decline in chronic viral infection prevalence, like Bangladesh. While countries such as India have a consistent prevalence, Pakistan bears one of the largest proportions of chronic viral hepatitis globally with increasing trends shown year-by-year. Various old literature texts have stated an approximate national prevalence rate around 2.6% and 5.3% of hepatitis B and C respectively. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the current seroprevalence rates of chronic viral hepatitis amongst the general population of rural Sindh using a screening program to determine the current disease burden. METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional survey based on a screening program was conducted in 5 districts with a combined population of over 6.5 million. The screening was carried out via the administration of various camps with the assistance of local social workers and welfare organizations. A total of 24,322 individuals met the inclusion criteria and were screened through (HBsAg/HCV) rapid test cassette (WC) Imu-Med one-step diagnostic test. RESULTS: Hepatitis B was found positive in 964 (3.96%) individuals including 421 (43.67%) males and 543 (56.32%) females, while hepatitis C was positive in 2872 (11.80%) individuals including 1474 (51.32%) males and 1398 (48.67%) females. The prevalence amongst the districts varied between 0.97% and 9.06% for hepatitis B, and 1.61% and 29.50% for hepatitis C, respectively. Umerkot was found to be the most prevalent district amongst rural Sindh, while Badin had the least number of seropositive people. The second most prevalent district of the study population was found to be Tando Allahyar followed by Mirpur Khas. The combined seroprevalence of 15.76% was calculated for hepatitis B and C together amongst the five studied districts of rural and peri-urban Sindh. CONCLUSION: The alarmingly high prevalence rates revealed in our study warrant the urgent need to generate multiple effective strategies in the region to enhance awareness amongst the general population regarding screening, prevention, and prompt treatment of the disease.

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“…Perhaps, the results of these combined efforts and the enforcement of use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as gloves, masks and safety boots among waste collectors in Penang Island is beginning to yield positive results. Further, the overall prevalence of hepatitis C among Bangladeshi population -where majority (75%) of our respondents were from, has been previously reported to be as low as 0.2% [20] in the general population, 1% among medical waste handlers [21], and as high as 24.8% among injecting drug users (IDUs) [22].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hepatitis C Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Prevention of Hepatitis C among Municipal Waste Collectors in Penang Island, Malaysia

Abdulrahman¹,

Maideen²,

Rahim³

et al. 2019

JCHS

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Introduction: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis C infection and the level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Hepatitis C prevention among municipal waste collectors in Penang Island, Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenient sample of 184 adult male municipal waste collectors in Penang Island from January to May 2018. Respondents’ blood samples were obtained and evaluated for antibodies to Hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), and questionnaires administered to them to collect information on sociodemographic variables and knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Hepatitis C prevention. The seroprevalence of Hepatitis C virus was estimated, and the association between sociodemographic variables and respondents’ level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Hepatitis C prevention was explored using a range of parametric and non-parametric statistical tests in SPSS version 23. Results were considered significant at p<0.05. Results: The seroprevalence of Hepatitis C infection among our study sample was 0%. Majority had good attitude (60.9%) and good practice (70.1%) but poor knowledge (72.8%) of Hepatitis C. Respondents’ income was significantly predictive of knowledge (p=0.033) and attitude (p=0.005) regarding Hepatitis C prevention. There were no significant associations between sociodemographic factors and practice regarding Hepatitis C prevention. There was a significant positive correlation between respondents’ knowledge and practice regarding Hepatitis C prevention (r=0.169, p=0.022). Conclusions: Knowledge of Hepatitis C prevention is significantly lacking among Municipal waste collectors in Penang Island, and their income appears to play a significant role in determining their level of knowledge and attitude regarding Hepatitis C prevention.

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Frequency of Hepatitis B and C Viral Infection among the Medical Waste Handlers

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Seroprevalence of the Viral Markers of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Hiv Among Medical Waste Handlers in Some Hospitals in Sana'a City- Yemen

Seroprevalence of the Viral Markers of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Hiv Among Medical Waste Handlers in Some Hospitals in Sana'a City- Yemen

A Cross-Sectional Screening Survey on the Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Amongst the General Population of Rural Districts of Sindh, Pakistan

Seroprevalence, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Prevention of Hepatitis C among Municipal Waste Collectors in Penang Island, Malaysia

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