A Cross-Sectional Screening Survey on the Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Amongst the General Population of Rural Districts of Sindh, Pakistan

Asghar, Muhammad Sohaib; Rasheed, Uzma; Hassan, Maira; Mohammed, Akram; Yaseen, Rabail; Fayaz, Basmah

doi:10.1590/s0004-2803.202100000-26

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This high prevalence was also reported for HBV and HCV respectively in the present study but the target population was different and risk factors were not identified in this study. 7 An International Retrospective Quantitative Brazilian study found high seroprevalence of HBsAg among the prenatal mothers without any significant correlation of age and positivity ratio. However, there was a direct association between HBsAg and last four years of study testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Prevalence and Risk Factors Association With Hepatitis B and C Infected Pregnant Ladies Visiting Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar: An Unmatched Pilot Case-Control Study

2023

JPMI

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Objective: To determine the prevalence, risk factors, and their association with Hepatitis B and C infection among pregnant females visiting Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar.Methods: A pilot case-control study was conducted in the Gynecology & Obstetrics units of Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar after being approved by the institutional IRB Committee. A consecutive sampling technique was used to enroll 21 pregnant females in a ratio of 1: 1 among both groups. The included cases were HBsAg positive with ELIZA positive HCV while the negative ones were in the control group. A validated research tool from previous studies was used. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS Version-19. Descriptive and inferential statistics like frequency, percentages, 95% confidence interval, chi-square and odds ratio were applied with cut-off p-value limit set at 0.05. Results:The mean age for cases and controls was 37±9 and 28±6 years. The seroprevalence of HBV was 28.9% and HCV as 61.9%. Abortion history OR=1.23 (95% Cl=0.34-4.35), hospitalization OR=2.90 (Cl=0.77-10.8), past surgical procedure , delivery in hospital OR=4.26 (Cl=1.13-16.05), injection in hospitals OR=1.47 (Cl=0.43-5.04), household contact with jaundice OR=5.66 (Cl=1.41-22.7) were the significant risk factors. Normal vaginal delivery ) and history of sexually transmitted infections OR=2.23 (Cl=0.36-13.7) were independently associated with HBV, and HCV. Conclusion:Hepatitis C prevalence rate was more with blood transfusions, unsafe injections, tooth extractions, home deliveries with past history of sexually transmitted infections, abortion, hepatitis infection, and hospital admissions as the significant risk factors among pregnant women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…76%. 7 A Brazilian study showed high prevalence of Hepatitis-B among pregnant females. 8 An Ethiopian study showed 4.7% prevalence of Hepatitis B infection among the pregnant females and history of a surgical procedure, blood transfusion, multiple sexual partners and surgical procedure as risk factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors Association With Hepatitis B and C Infected Pregnant Ladies Visiting Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar: An Unmatched Pilot Case-Control Study

2023

JPMI

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“…Total population evaluated in these 8 studies comprises 150,897 with a mean Anti HCV prevalence of 12.98% having minimum prevalence of 4.9% and maximum prevalence of 20.1%. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Community Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on National Consensus Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Hepatitis C & Literature Review in Epidemiology of Hepatitis C in Pakistan - 2022

Syed,

Umar,

Khaar

et al. 2024

JRMC

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Hepatitis C is a global health problem affecting around 58 million people worldwide and killing almost 0.29 million in on one year [1]. The world has united to fight against this lethal disease in 2016 with a moto to eliminate hepatitis by 2030. To achieve this goal WHO’s World Health Assembly has set some targets and individual countries have developed their own strategies to achieve those targets [2]. Pakistan has the 2nd highest prevalence of hepatitis C in the world with 5.8% viremia positive patients [3]. Pakistan is amongst the few countries that have been assisted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) to prevent and control Hepatitis[4]. With the availability of Direct Acting Antivirals(DAAs), the whole paradigm of treatment of hepatitis C has changed not only globally but also in Pakistan. However, the patients in Pakistan are unable to gain access to the latest DAAs at the pace, as they are available globally. International guidelines are being updated on regular basis as per global evidence, recommending such combinations which are not readily available to many parts of the world. Hence there is a dire need to develop national guidelines, keeping in consideration the efficacy of the drugs as well as their availability, in the broader canvas of achieving the targets of eliminating Hepatitis set by WHO. In this context, our consensus guidelines are an effort to fill the gap created because of upgraded scientific evidence and possible combinations available in our part of the world. Furthermore, quite some good research and evidence has also been shared in the literature from Pakistan during last five years (2016-2021). Hence a literature review has also been carried out to update our own epidemiologic data, risk factors and treatment responses to Hepatitis C in Pakistan.

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HBV prevalence in Sub-continental countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Hogan,

Page,

Dixit

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major source of disease burden worldwide, with an estimated 296 million individuals living with infections worldwide. Although vaccine programs exist to control infections, certain sub-populations around the world continue to have very high prevalence of HBV infection. Methods A systematic search of studies of HBV published after 2010 was conducted for India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bhutan. Each paper was independently screened for risk of bias and inclusion. Data were extracted from included studies before being analysed to estimate pooled prevalence, and to conduct sub-group analyses. Random-effects models were used for estimating summary prevalence due to a high level of heterogeneity between studies, and funnel plots were combined with Egger’s test to assess publication bias. Meta-regression was conducted to investigate sources of between-study heterogeneity. Results The pooled prevalence of HBV across all studies was 3% (95% CI 0.02, 0.05). For countries with multiple studies, the pooled prevalence in India was 3% (95% CI 0.02, 0.04), in Pakistan 6% (95% CI 0.03, 0.09), in Bangladesh 5% (95% CI of 0.02, 0.12), and in Nepal 1% (95% CI 0.00, 0.08). There was some evidence of publication bias, and a high level of heterogeneity across studies. Risk of bias analysis found most studies to be of fair or moderate quality. Conclusions The prevalence of HBV among countries in the sub-continent was higher than the global average, but was not as high as some other regions. Countries with greater numbers of displaced persons had higher prevalence of HBV, with a wide range of prevalence between subpopulations likely reflecting differential uptake, and implementation, of vaccination programs.

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A Cross-Sectional Screening Survey on the Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Amongst the General Population of Rural Districts of Sindh, Pakistan

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Prevalence and Risk Factors Association With Hepatitis B and C Infected Pregnant Ladies Visiting Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar: An Unmatched Pilot Case-Control Study

Prevalence and Risk Factors Association With Hepatitis B and C Infected Pregnant Ladies Visiting Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar: An Unmatched Pilot Case-Control Study

An Update on National Consensus Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Hepatitis C & Literature Review in Epidemiology of Hepatitis C in Pakistan - 2022

HBV prevalence in Sub-continental countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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